The Ontario Building Code | Performance Level Evaluation and Compensating Construction

9.40.2.2. Performance Level Evaluation and Compensating Construction

(1) Theperformance level of a building after construction shall not be less than the performance level of the building prior to construction.

(2) For the purposes of Sentence (1), reduction of performance level shall be determined in accordance with Articles 11.4.2.1., 11.4.2.3. and 11.4.2.5.

(3) Where the proposed construction would reduce the performance level of an existing building, compensating construction shall be required in conformance with Articles 11.4.3.1., 11.4.3.2., 11.4.3.4. and 11.4.3.6.

(4) Section 11.5. applies in respect of the requirements of Sentences 11.4.3.4.(1), (3) and (4).

Table A-1
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – General Cases(1)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Joist Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

With Strapping(2)

With Bridging

With Strapping(2) and Bridging

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select Structural

38 × 89

2.13

1.97

1.73

2.19

1.99

1.73

2.19

1.99

1.73

38 × 140

3.23

3.07

2.73

3.44

3.12

2.73

3.44

3.12

2.73

38 × 184

3.88

3.69

3.51

4.18

3.92

3.59

4.37

4.07

3.59

38 × 235

4.57

4.34

4.13

4.86

4.57

4.29

5.05

4.70

4.39

38 × 286

5.21

4.95

4.71

5.49

5.16

4.85

5.66

5.28

4.92

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

2.00

1.85

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

38 × 140

3.09

2.91

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

38 × 184

3.71

3.53

3.36

4.00

3.76

3.44

4.19

3.90

3.44

38 × 235

4.38

4.16

3.96

4.66

4.38

4.11

4.84

4.51

4.20

38 × 286

4.99

4.75

4.52

5.26

4.94

4.65

5.43

5.06

4.72

No. 3

38 × 89

1.90

1.69

1.38

1.95

1.69

1.38

1.95

1.69

1.38

38 × 140

2.78

2.41

1.97

2.78

2.41

1.97

2.78

2.41

1.97

38 × 184

3.38

2.93

2.39

3.38

2.93

2.39

3.38

2.93

2.39

38 × 235

4.14

3.58

2.93

4.14

3.58

2.93

4.14

3.58

2.93

38 × 286

4.80

4.16

3.39

4.80

4.16

3.39

4.80

4.16

3.39

Construction

38 × 89

1.90

1.77

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

Standard

38 × 89

1.81

1.63

1.33

1.88

1.63

1.33

1.88

1.63

1.33

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select Structural

38 × 89

2.08

1.93

1.71

2.16

1.96

1.71

2.16

1.96

1.71

38 × 140

3.18

3.03

2.69

3.39

3.08

2.69

3.39

3.08

2.69

38 × 184

3.82

3.64

3.46

4.12

3.87

3.54

4.31

4.02

3.54

38 × 235

4.50

4.28

4.08

4.80

4.51

4.23

4.98

4.64

4.33

38 × 286

5.14

4.89

4.65

5.42

5.09

4.78

5.59

5.21

4.86

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

2.00

1.85

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

38 × 140

3.09

2.91

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

38 × 184

3.71

3.53

3.36

4.00

3.76

3.44

4.19

3.90

3.44

38 × 235

4.38

4.16

3.96

4.66

4.38

4.11

4.84

4.51

4.20

38 × 286

4.99

4.75

4.52

5.26

4.94

4.65

5.43

5.06

4.72

No. 3

38 × 89

1.90

1.77

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

38 × 140

2.99

2.78

2.43

3.19

2.90

2.43

3.19

2.90

2.43

38 × 184

3.60

3.42

2.95

3.88

3.61

2.95

4.06

3.61

2.95

38 × 235

4.24

4.03

3.61

4.51

4.24

3.61

4.68

4.37

3.61

38 × 286

4.84

4.60

4.19

5.10

4.79

4.19

5.26

4.90

4.19

Construction

38 × 89

1.90

1.77

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

Standard

38 × 89

1.81

1.68

1.39

1.96

1.71

1.39

1.96

1.71

1.39

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select Structural

38 × 89

1.95

1.81

1.64

2.06

1.87

1.64

2.06

1.87

1.64

38 × 140

3.05

2.85

2.57

3.24

2.95

2.57

3.24

2.95

2.57

38 × 184

3.66

3.48

3.31

3.94

3.70

3.38

4.12

3.84

3.38

38 × 235

4.31

4.10

3.90

4.59

4.31

4.05

4.76

4.44

4.14

38 × 286

4.91

4.67

4.45

5.18

4.87

4.57

5.34

4.98

4.64

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

1.86

1.72

1.58

1.99

1.81

1.58

1.99

1.81

1.58

38 × 140

2.92

2.71

2.49

3.14

2.85

2.49

3.14

2.85

2.49

38 × 184

3.54

3.36

3.20

3.81

3.58

3.27

3.99

3.72

3.27

38 × 235

4.17

3.96

3.77

4.44

4.17

3.92

4.60

4.29

4.00

38 × 286

4.75

4.52

4.30

5.01

4.71

4.42

5.17

4.82

4.49

No. 3

38 × 89

1.81

1.68

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

38 × 140

2.84

2.64

2.43

3.08

2.80

2.43

3.08

2.80

2.43

38 × 184

3.47

3.30

2.95

3.74

3.52

2.95

3.92

3.61

2.95

38 × 235

4.09

3.89

3.61

4.36

4.09

3.61

4.52

4.22

3.61

38 × 286

4.67

4.44

4.19

4.92

4.62

4.19

5.08

4.73

4.19

Construction

38 × 89

1.81

1.68

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

Standard

38 × 89

1.70

1.58

1.44

1.88

1.71

1.44

1.88

1.71

1.44

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian Species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select Structural

38 × 89

1.65

1.53

1.42

1.84

1.68

1.46

1.84

1.68

1.46

38 × 140

2.59

2.41

2.24

2.90

2.63

2.30

2.90

2.63

2.30

38 × 184

3.27

3.11

2.94

3.52

3.31

3.03

3.69

3.44

3.03

38 × 235

3.85

3.66

3.48

4.10

3.85

3.62

4.26

3.97

3.70

38 × 286

4.39

4.18

3.97

4.63

4.35

4.09

4.78

4.45

4.15

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

1.59

1.48

1.37

1.80

1.64

1.43

1.80

1.64

1.43

38 × 140

2.51

2.33

2.16

2.83

2.57

2.25

2.83

2.57

2.25

38 × 184

3.19

3.04

2.84

3.44

3.23

2.96

3.60

3.36

2.96

38 × 235

3.76

3.58

3.41

4.01

3.77

3.54

4.16

3.88

3.62

38 × 286

4.29

4.08

3.88

4.53

4.25

4.00

4.67

4.35

4.06

No. 3

38 × 89

1.54

1.43

1.32

1.74

1.57

1.36

1.76

1.60

1.36

38 × 140

2.42

2.24

1.94

2.74

2.38

1.94

2.75

2.38

1.94

38 × 184

3.12

2.90

2.37

3.35

2.90

2.37

3.35

2.90

2.37

38 × 235

3.67

3.49

2.89

3.91

3.54

2.89

4.06

3.54

2.89

38 × 286

4.19

3.98

3.36

4.42

4.11

3.36

4.55

4.11

3.36

Construction

38 × 89

1.54

1.43

1.32

1.74

1.57

1.40

1.76

1.60

1.40

Standard

38 × 89

1.48

1.37

1.15

1.63

1.41

1.15

1.63

1.41

1.15

Notes to Table A-1:

(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floor does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) See Sentence 9.23.9.4.(5) for alternatives to strapping.

Table A-2
Maximum Spans for Floor Joists – Special Cases(1)

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.4.2.(1) and 9.23.4.4.(2)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Joist Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Joists with Ceilings Attached to Wood Furring

Joists with Concrete Topping

Without Bridging

With Bridging

With or Without Bridging(2)

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

38 × 89

2.19

1.99

1.73

2.19

1.99

1.73

2.19

1.99

1.73

Structural

38 × 140

3.44

3.12

2.73

3.44

3.12

2.73

3.44

3.12

2.73

38 × 184

4.24

3.99

3.59

4.52

4.11

3.59

4.52

4.11

3.59

38 × 235

4.98

4.69

4.29

5.47

5.20

4.58

5.77

5.24

4.58

38 × 286

5.67

5.34

4.88

6.19

5.89

5.54

6.83

6.37

5.58

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

No. 2

38 × 140

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.55

38 × 184

4.06

3.83

3.44

4.33

3.93

3.44

4.33

3.81

3.11

38 × 235

4.78

4.50

4.11

5.24

4.98

4.31

5.37

4.65

3.80

38 × 286

5.44

5.12

4.68

5.93

5.64

5.00

6.24

5.40

4.41

No. 3

38 × 89

1.95

1.69

1.38

1.95

1.69

1.38

1.72

1.49

1.21

38 × 140

2.78

2.41

1.97

2.78

2.41

1.97

2.45

2.12

1.73

38 × 184

3.38

2.93

2.39

3.38

2.93

2.39

2.98

2.58

2.11

38 × 235

4.14

3.58

2.93

4.14

3.58

2.93

3.65

3.16

2.58

38 × 286

4.80

4.16

3.39

4.80

4.16

3.39

4.23

3.66

2.99

Construction

38 × 89

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

Standard

38 × 89

1.88

1.63

1.33

1.88

1.63

1.33

1.66

1.44

1.17

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.16

1.96

1.71

2.16

1.96

1.71

2.16

1.96

1.71

Structural

38 × 140

3.39

3.08

2.69

3.39

3.08

2.69

3.39

3.08

2.69

38 × 184

4.18

3.94

3.54

4.46

4.05

3.54

4.46

4.05

3.54

38 × 235

4.92

4.63

4.23

5.39

5.13

4.52

5.69

5.17

4.52

38 × 286

5.60

5.27

4.82

6.10

5.81

5.47

6.74

6.28

5.50

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

2.09

1.90

1.66

No. 2

38 × 140

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

3.29

2.99

2.62

38 × 184

4.06

3.83

3.44

4.33

3.93

3.44

4.33

3.93

3.26

38 × 235

4.78

4.50

4.11

5.24

4.98

4.39

5.53

4.88

3.99

38 × 286

5.44

5.12

4.68

5.93

5.64

5.25

6.54

5.66

4.63

No. 3.

38 × 89

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.83

1.50

38 × 140

3.19

2.90

2.43

3.19

2.90

2.43

3.02

2.62

2.14

38 × 184

3.94

3.61

2.95

4.17

3.61

2.95

3.68

3.18

2.60

38 × 235

4.63

4.36

3.61

5.08

4.42

3.61

4.50

3.89

3.18

38 × 286

5.27

4.96

4.19

5.74

5.13

4.19

5.22

4.52

3.69

Construction

38 × 89

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

2.03

1.84

1.61

Standard

38 × 89

1.96

1.71

1.39

1.96

1.71

1.39

1.74

1.50

1.23

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.06

1.87

1.64

2.06

1.87

1.64

2.06

1.87

1.64

Structural

38 × 140

3.24

2.95

2.57

3.24

2.95

2.57

3.24

2.95

2.57

38 × 184

4.00

3.77

3.38

4.26

3.87

3.38

4.26

3.87

3.38

38 × 235

4.70

4.43

4.05

5.16

4.91

4.32

5.45

4.95

4.32

38 × 286

5.35

5.04

4.61

5.84

5.55

5.23

6.45

6.01

5.26

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.99

1.81

1.58

1.99

1.81

1.58

1.99

1.81

1.58

No. 2

38 × 140

3.14

2.85

2.49

3.14

2.85

2.49

3.14

2.85

2.49

38 × 184

3.87

3.64

3.27

4.12

3.75

3.27

4.12

3.75

3.27

38 × 235

4.55

4.28

3.91

4.99

4.75

4.18

5.27

4.79

4.13

38 × 286

5.18

4.88

4.46

5.65

5.37

5.06

6.23

5.81

4.79

No. 3

38 × 89

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.50

38 × 140

3.08

2.80

2.43

3.08

2.80

2.43

3.02

2.62

2.14

38 × 184

3.80

3.58

2.95

4.05

3.61

2.95

3.68

3.18

2.60

38 × 235

4.47

4.21

3.61

4.90

4.42

3.61

4.50

3.89

3.18

38 × 286

5.09

4.79

4.19

5.55

5.13

4.19

5.22

4.52

3.69

Construction

38 × 89

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

1.96

1.78

1.55

Standard

38 × 89

1.88

1.71

1.44

1.88

1.71

1.44

1.80

1.56

1.27

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian Species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

38 × 89

1.84

1.68

1.46

1.84

1.68

1.46

1.84

1.68

1.46

Structural

38 × 140

2.90

2.63

2.30

2.90

2.63

2.30

2.90

2.63

2.30

38 × 184

3.58

3.37

3.03

3.81

3.46

3.03

3.81

3.46

3.03

38 × 235

4.20

3.96

3.62

4.61

4.39

3.86

4.87

4.42

3.86

38 × 286

4.79

4.51

4.12

5.22

4.96

4.68

5.76

5.37

4.54

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.80

1.64

1.43

1.80

1.64

1.43

1.80

1.64

1.43

No. 2

38 × 140

2.83

2.57

2.25

2.83

2.57

2.25

2.83

2.57

2.23

38 × 184

3.50

3.29

2.96

3.72

3.38

2.96

3.72

3.32

2.71

38 × 235

4.11

3.87

3.54

4.51

4.29

3.76

4.69

4.06

3.31

38 × 286

4.68

4.40

4.03

5.10

4.85

4.36

5.44

4.71

3.84

No. 3

38 × 89

1.76

1.60

1.36

1.76

1.60

1.36

1.70

1.47

1.20

38 × 140

2.75

2.38

1.94

2.75

2.38

1.94

2.42

2.10

1.71

38 × 184

3.35

2.90

2.37

3.35

2.90

2.37

2.95

2.55

2.08

38 × 235

4.01

3.54

2.89

4.09

3.54

2.89

3.61

3.12

2.55

38 × 286

4.56

4.11

3.36

4.75

4.11

3.36

4.18

3.62

2.96

Construction

38 × 89

1.76

1.60

1.40

1.76

1.60

1.40

1.76

1.60

1.37

Standard

38 × 89

1.63

1.41

1.15

1.63

1.41

1.15

1.44

1.25

1.02

Notes to Table A-2:

(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floor does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) No bridging is assumed for spans for floor joists with concrete topping.

Table A-3
Maximum Spans for Ceiling Joists – Attic not Accessible by a Stairway

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Commercial Designation

Grade

Joist Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Joist Spacing, mm

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select Structural

38 × 89

3.41

3.10

2.71

38 × 140

5.37

4.88

4.26

38 × 184

7.05

6.41

5.60

38 × 235

9.01

8.18

7.15

38 × 286

10.96

9.96

8.70

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

3.27

2.97

2.59

38 × 140

5.14

4.67

4.08

38 × 184

6.76

6.14

5.36

38 × 235

8.63

7.84

6.85

38 × 286

10.50

9.54

8.34

No. 3

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.42

38 × 140

4.89

4.23

3.46

38 × 184

5.95

5.15

4.20

38 × 235

7.27

6.30

5.14

38 × 286

8.44

7.31

5.97

Construction

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.51

Standard

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.34

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select Structural

38 × 89

3.36

3.06

2.67

38 × 140

5.29

4.81

4.20

38 × 184

6.96

6.32

5.52

38 × 235

8.88

8.07

7.05

38 × 286

10.81

9.82

8.58

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

3.27

2.97

2.59

38 × 140

5.14

4.67

4.08

38 × 184

6.76

6.14

5.36

38 × 235

8.63

7.84

6.85

38 × 286

10.50

9.54

8.34

No. 3

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.51

38 × 140

4.98

4.53

3.95

38 × 184

6.55

5.95

5.19

38 × 235

8.36

7.60

6.34

38 × 286

10.18

9.01

7.36

Construction

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.50

Standard

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.43

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select Structural

38 × 89

3.22

2.92

2.55

38 × 140

5.06

4.60

4.02

38 × 184

6.65

6.05

5.28

38 × 235

8.50

7.72

6.74

38 × 286

10.34

9.40

8.21

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

3.11

2.83

2.47

38 × 140

4.90

4.45

3.89

38 × 184

6.44

5.85

5.11

38 × 235

8.22

7.47

6.52

38 × 286

10.00

9.09

7.94

No. 3

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.43

38 × 140

4.81

4.37

3.82

38 × 184

6.32

5.74

5.02

38 × 235

8.07

7.33

6.34

38 × 286

9.82

8.93

7.36

Construction

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.43

Standard

38 × 89

2.94

2.67

2.33

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian Species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select Structural

38 × 89

2.88

2.61

2.28

38 × 140

4.53

4.11

3.59

38 × 184

5.95

5.40

4.72

38 × 235

7.60

6.90

6.03

38 × 286

9.25

8.40

7.34

No. 1 and No. 2

38 × 89

2.81

2.55

2.23

38 × 140

4.42

4.02

3.51

38 × 184

5.81

5.28

4.61

38 × 235

7.42

6.74

5.89

38 × 286

9.03

8.21

7.17

No. 3

38 × 89

2.74

2.49

2.18

38 × 140

4.31

3.92

3.42

38 × 184

5.67

5.09

4.16

38 × 235

7.19

6.23

5.08

38 × 286

8.34

7.23

5.90

Construction

38 × 89

2.74

2.49

2.18

Standard

38 × 89

2.67

2.43

2.03

Table A-4
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Joist Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

38 × 89

2.71

2.46

2.15

2.37

2.15

1.88

2.15

1.95

1.71

Structural

38 × 140

4.26

3.87

3.38

3.72

3.38

2.95

3.38

3.07

2.68

38 × 184

5.60

5.09

4.44

4.89

4.44

3.88

4.44

4.04

3.53

38 × 235

7.15

6.49

5.67

6.24

5.67

4.96

5.67

5.15

4.50

38 × 286

8.70

7.90

6.91

7.60

6.91

6.03

6.91

6.27

5.48

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.59

2.36

2.06

2.27

2.06

1.80

2.06

1.87

1.63

No. 2

38 × 140

4.08

3.71

3.24

3.57

3.24

2.83

3.24

2.94

2.57

38 × 184

5.36

4.87

4.26

4.69

4.26

3.72

4.26

3.87

3.38

38 × 235

6.85

6.22

5.44

5.98

5.44

4.74

5.44

4.94

4.22

38 × 286

8.34

7.57

6.40

7.28

6.62

5.50

6.62

6.00

4.90

No. 3

38 × 89

2.49

2.16

1.76

2.14

1.85

1.51

1.91

1.65

1.35

38 × 140

3.56

3.08

2.51

3.06

2.65

2.16

2.72

2.36

1.92

38 × 184

4.33

3.75

3.06

3.72

3.22

2.63

3.31

2.87

2.34

38 × 235

5.29

4.58

3.74

4.55

3.94

3.22

4.05

3.51

2.86

38 × 286

6.14

5.32

4.34

5.28

4.57

3.73

4.70

4.07

3.32

Construction

38 × 89

2.51

2.28

1.99

2.20

1.99

1.74

1.99

1.81

1.58

Standard

38 × 89

2.41

2.08

1.70

2.07

1.79

1.46

1.84

1.60

1.30

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.67

2.43

2.12

2.33

2.12

1.85

2.12

1.93

1.68

Structural

38 × 140

4.20

3.82

3.33

3.67

3.33

2.91

3.33

3.03

2.65

38 × 184

5.52

5.02

4.38

4.82

4.38

3.83

4.38

3.98

3.48

38 × 235

7.05

6.41

5.60

6.16

5.60

4.89

5.60

5.09

4.44

38 × 286

8.58

7.80

6.81

7.50

6.81

5.95

6.81

6.19

5.41

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.59

2.36

2.06

2.27

2.06

1.80

2.06

1.87

1.63

No. 2

38 × 140

4.08

3.71

3.24

3.57

3.24

2.83

3.24

2.94

2.57

38 × 184

5.36

4.87

4.26

4.69

4.26

3.72

4.26

3.87

3.38

38 × 235

6.85

6.22

5.44

5.98

5.44

4.75

5.44

4.94

4.32

38 × 286

8.34

7.57

6.62

7.28

6.62

5.77

6.62

6.01

5.25

No. 3

38 × 89

2.51

2.28

1.99

2.20

1.99

1.74

1.99

1.81

1.58

38 × 140

3.95

3.59

3.10

3.45

3.14

2.67

3.14

2.85

2.37

38 × 184

5.20

4.62

3.77

4.54

3.97

3.24

4.09

3.54

2.89

38 × 235

6.53

5.65

4.61

5.61

4.86

3.97

5.00

4.33

3.53

38 × 286

7.57

6.56

5.35

6.51

5.64

4.60

5.80

5.02

4.10

Construction

38 × 89

2.51

2.28

1.99

2.20

1.99

1.74

1.99

1.81

1.58

Standard

38 × 89

2.43

2.18

1.78

2.12

1.88

1.53

1.93

1.67

1.36

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.55

2.32

2.03

2.23

2.03

1.77

2.03

1.84

1.61

Structural

38 × 140

4.02

3.65

3.19

3.51

3.19

2.79

3.19

2.90

2.53

38 × 184

5.28

4.80

4.19

4.61

4.19

3.66

4.19

3.81

3.33

38 × 235

6.74

6.13

5.35

5.89

5.35

4.68

5.35

4.86

4.25

38 × 286

8.21

7.46

6.52

7.17

6.52

5.69

6.52

5.92

5.17

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.47

2.24

1.96

2.16

1.96

1.71

1.96

1.78

1.56

No. 2

38 × 140

3.89

3.53

3.08

3.40

3.08

2.69

3.08

2.80

2.45

38 × 184

5.11

4.64

4.05

4.46

4.05

3.54

4.05

3.68

3.22

38 × 235

6.52

5.93

5.18

5.70

5.18

4.52

5.18

4.70

4.11

38 × 286

7.94

7.21

6.30

6.94

6.30

5.50

6.30

5.73

5.00

No. 3

38 × 89

2.43

2.20

1.93

2.12

1.93

1.68

1.93

1.75

1.53

38 × 140

3.82

3.47

3.03

3.33

3.03

2.65

3.03

2.75

2.37

38 × 184

5.02

4.56

3.77

4.38

3.97

3.24

3.98

3.54

2.89

38 × 235

6.41

5.65

4.61

5.60

4.86

3.97

5.00

4.33

3.53

38 × 286

7.57

6.56

5.35

6.51

5.64

4.60

5.80

5.02

4.10

Construction

38 × 89

2.43

2.20

1.93

2.12

1.93

1.68

1.93

1.75

1.53

Standard

38 × 89

2.33

2.12

1.85

2.04

1.85

1.59

1.85

1.68

1.41

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian Species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

38 × 89

2.28

2.07

1.81

1.99

1.81

1.58

1.81

1.65

1.44

Structural

38 × 140

3.59

3.26

2.85

3.14

2.85

2.49

2.85

2.59

2.26

38 × 184

4.72

4.29

3.75

4.12

3.75

3.27

3.75

3.40

2.97

38 × 235

6.03

5.48

4.79

5.27

4.79

4.18

4.79

4.35

3.80

38 × 286

7.34

6.67

5.82

6.41

5.82

5.09

5.82

5.29

4.62

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.23

2.03

1.77

1.95

1.77

1.55

1.77

1.61

1.41

No. 2

38 × 140

3.51

3.19

2.79

3.07

2.79

2.43

2.79

2.53

2.21

38 × 184

4.61

4.19

3.66

4.03

3.66

3.20

3.66

3.33

2.91

38 × 235

5.89

5.35

4.68

5.15

4.68

4.09

4.68

4.25

3.68

38 × 286

7.17

6.52

5.58

6.26

5.69

4.80

5.69

5.17

4.27

No. 3

38 × 89

2.18

1.98

1.73

1.90

1.73

1.50

1.73

1.57

1.33

38 × 140

3.42

3.05

2.49

2.99

2.62

2.14

2.69

2.33

1.90

38 × 184

4.28

3.71

3.03

3.68

3.19

2.60

3.28

2.84

2.32

38 × 235

5.23

4.53

3.70

4.50

3.90

3.18

4.01

3.47

2.83

38 × 286

6.07

5.26

4.29

5.22

4.52

3.69

4.65

4.03

3.29

Construction

38 × 89

2.18

1.98

1.73

1.90

1.73

1.51

1.73

1.57

1.37

Standard

38 × 89

2.09

1.81

1.48

1.80

1.56

1.27

1.60

1.38

1.13

Table A-5
Maximum Spans for Roof Joists – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Commercial Designation

Grade

Joist Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Specified Snow Load, kPa

2.5

3.0

Joist Spacing, mm

Joist Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

38 × 89

1.99

1.81

1.58

1.88

1.71

1.49

Structural

38 × 140

3.14

2.85

2.49

2.95

2.68

2.34

38 × 184

4.12

3.75

3.27

3.88

3.53

3.08

38 × 235

5.27

4.79

4.18

4.96

4.50

3.93

38 × 286

6.41

5.82

5.09

6.03

5.48

4.79

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.91

1.74

1.52

1.80

1.63

1.43

No. 2

38 × 140

3.01

2.73

2.39

2.83

2.57

2.25

38 × 184

3.95

3.59

3.14

3.72

3.38

2.90

38 × 235

5.05

4.59

3.84

4.75

4.32

3.55

38 × 286

6.14

5.46

4.46

5.78

5.05

4.12

No. 3

38 × 89

1.74

1.50

1.23

1.60

1.39

1.13

38 × 140

2.48

2.15

1.75

2.29

1.98

1.62

38 × 184

3.01

2.61

2.13

2.79

2.41

1.97

38 × 235

3.69

3.19

2.61

3.41

2.95

2.41

38 × 286

4.28

3.70

3.03

3.95

3.42

2.79

Construction

38 × 89

1.85

1.68

1.47

1.74

1.58

1.38

Standard

38 × 89

1.68

1.45

1.19

1.55

1.34

1.10

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

38 × 89

1.97

1.79

1.56

1.85

1.68

1.47

Structural

38 × 140

3.10

2.81

2.46

2.91

2.65

2.31

38 × 184

4.07

3.70

3.23

3.83

3.48

3.04

38 × 235

5.20

4.72

4.12

4.89

4.44

3.88

38 × 286

6.32

5.75

5.02

5.95

5.41

4.72

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.91

1.74

1.52

1.80

1.63

1.43

No. 2

38 × 140

3.01

2.73

2.39

2.83

2.57

2.25

38 × 184

3.95

3.59

3.14

3.72

3.38

2.95

38 × 235

5.05

4.59

4.01

4.75

4.32

3.72

38 × 286

6.14

5.58

4.68

5.78

5.25

4.32

No. 3

38 × 89

1.85

1.68

1.47

1.74

1.58

1.38

38 × 140

2.91

2.65

2.16

2.74

2.45

2.00

38 × 184

3.72

3.22

2.63

3.44

2.98

2.43

38 × 235

4.55

3.94

3.22

4.20

3.64

2.97

38 × 286

5.28

4.57

3.73

4.88

4.22

3.45

Construction

38 × 89

1.85

1.68

1.47

1.74

1.58

1.38

Standard

38 × 89

1.76

1.52

1.24

1.62

1.40

1.15

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

38 × 89

1.88

1.71

1.49

1.77

1.61

1.41

Structural

38 × 140

2.96

2.69

2.35

2.79

2.53

2.21

38 × 184

3.89

3.54

3.09

3.66

3.33

2.91

38 × 235

4.97

4.52

3.94

4.68

4.25

3.71

38 × 286

6.05

5.50

4.80

5.69

5.17

4.52

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.82

1.65

1.44

1.71

1.56

1.36

No. 2

38 × 140

2.86

2.60

2.27

2.69

2.45

2.14

38 × 184

3.76

3.42

2.99

3.54

3.22

2.81

38 × 235

4.81

4.37

3.82

4.52

4.11

3.59

38 × 286

5.85

5.31

4.64

5.50

5.00

4.37

No. 3

38 × 89

1.79

1.62

1.42

1.68

1.53

1.34

38 × 140

2.81

2.56

2.16

2.65

2.40

2.005

38 × 184

3.70

3.22

2.63

3.44

2.98

2.43

38 × 235

4.55

3.94

3.22

4.20

3.64

2.97

38 × 286

5.28

4.57

3.73

4.88

4.22

3.45

Construction

38 × 89

1.79

1.62

1.42

1.68

1.53

1.34

Standard

38 × 89

1.72

1.56

1.29

1.62

1.46

1.19

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian Species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

38 × 89

1.68

1.53

1.34

1.58

1.44

1.26

Structural

38 × 140

2.65

2.40

2.10

2.49

2.26

1.98

38 × 184

3.48

3.16

2.76

3.27

2.97

2.60

38 × 235

4.44

4.04

3.53

4.18

3.80

3.32

38 × 286

5.41

4.91

4.29

5.09

4.62

4.04

No. 1 and

38 × 89

1.64

1.49

1.31

1.55

1.41

1.23

No. 2

38 × 140

2.59

2.35

2.05

2.43

2.21

1.93

38 × 184

3.40

3.09

2.70

3.20

2.91

2.53

38 × 235

4.34

3.94

3.35

4.09

3.71

3.10

38 × 286

5.28

4.76

3.89

4.97

4.40

3.59

No. 3

38 × 89

1.60

1.46

1.21

1.51

1.37

1.12

38 × 140

2.45

2.12

1.73

2.26

1.96

1.60

38 × 184

2.98

2.58

2.11

2.76

2.39

1.95

38 × 235

3.65

3.16

2.58

3.37

2.92

2.38

38 × 286

4.23

3.66

2.99

3.91

3.39

2.76

Construction

38 × 89

1.60

1.46

1.27

1.51

1.37

1.20

Standard

38 × 89

1.46

1.26

1.03

1.34

1.16

0.95

Table A-6
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 1.0 to 2.0 kPa

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Rafter Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

Rafter Spacing, mm

Rafter Spacing, mm

Rafter Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

38 × 89

3.41

3.10

2.71

2.98

2.71

2.37

2.71

2.46

2.15

Structural

38 × 140

5.37

4.88

4.26

4.69

4.26

3.72

4.26

3.87

3.38

38 × 184

7.05

6.41

5.60

6.16

5.60

4.89

5.60

5.09

4.44

38 × 235

9.01

8.18

7.15

7.87

7.15

6.24

7.15

6.49

5.62

38 × 286

10.96

9.96

8.70

9.58

8.70

7.40

8.70

7.90

6.52

No. 1 and

38 × 89

3.27

2.97

2.59

2.86

2.59

2.27

2.59

2.36

2.06

No. 2

38 × 140

5.14

4.67

3.95

4.49

4.08

3.34

4.08

3.60

2.94

38 × 184

6.76

5.88

4.80

5.74

4.97

4.06

5.06

4.38

3.58

38 × 235

8.30

7.19

5.87

7.02

6.08

4.96

6.19

5.36

4.38

38 × 286

9.63

8.34

6.81

8.14

7.05

5.76

7.18

6.22

5.08

No. 3

38 × 89

2.65

2.30

1.87

2.24

1.94

1.58

1.98

1.71

1.40

38 × 140

3.78

3.28

2.68

3.20

2.77

2.26

2.82

2.44

1.99

38 × 184

4.61

3.99

3.26

3.89

3.37

2.75

3.43

2.97

2.43

38 × 235

5.63

4.88

3.98

4.76

4.12

3.37

4.20

3.64

2.97

38 × 286

6.53

5.66

4.62

5.52

4.78

3.91

4.87

4.22

3.44

Construction

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.42

2.77

2.50

2.04

2.51

2.21

1.80

Standard

38 × 89

2.56

2.22

1.81

2.17

1.88

1.53

1.91

1.65

1.35

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

38 × 89

3.36

3.06

2.67

2.94

2.67

2.33

2.67

2.43

2.12

Structural

38 × 140

5.29

4.81

4.20

4.62

4.20

3.67

4.20

3.82

3.33

38 × 184

6.96

6.32

5.52

6.08

5.52

4.82

5.52

5.02

4.38

38 × 235

8.88

8.07

7.05

7.76

7.05

6.16

7.05

6.41

5.54

38 × 286

10.81

9.82

8.58

9.45

8.58

7.28

8.58

7.80

6.42

No. 1 and

38 × 89

3.27

2.97

2.59

2.86

2.59

2.27

2.59

2.36

2.06

No. 2

38 × 140

5.14

4.67

4.08

4.49

4.08

3.50

4.08

3.71

3.08

38 × 184

6.76

6.14

5.04

5.90

5.21

4.26

5.31

4.60

3.75

38 × 235

8.63

7.54

6.16

7.36

6.37

5.20

6.49

5.62

4.59

38 × 286

10.11

8.75

7.15

8.54

7.40

6.04

7.53

6.52

5.33

No. 3

38 × 89

3.17

2.83

2.31

2.76

2.39

1.95

2.44

2.11

1.72

38 × 140

4.67

4.04

3.30

3.95

3.42

2.79

3.48

3.01

2.46

38 × 184

5.68

4.92

4.02

4.80

4.16

3.40

4.23

3.67

2.99

38 × 235

6.95

6.02

4.91

5.87

5.08

4.15

5.18

4.48

3.66

38 × 286

8.06

6.98

5.70

6.81

5.90

4.82

6.01

5.20

4.25

Construction

38 × 89

3.17

2.88

2.51

2.77

2.51

2.14

2.51

2.28

1.89

Standard

38 × 89

2.68

2.32

1.90

2.27

1.96

1.60

2.00

1.73

1.41

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

38 × 89

3.22

2.92

2.55

2.81

2.55

2.23

2.55

2.32

2.03

Structural

38 × 140

5.06

4.60

4.02

4.42

4.02

3.51

4.02

3.65

3.19

38 × 184

6.65

6.05

5.28

5.81

5.28

4.61

5.28

4.80

4.19

38 × 235

8.50

7.72

6.74

7.42

6.74

5.89

6.74

6.13

5.35

38 × 286

10.34

9.40

8.21

9.03

8.21

7.17

8.21

7.46

6.52

No. 1 and

38 × 89

3.11

2.83

2.47

2.72

2.47

2.16

2.47

2.24

1.96

No. 2

38 × 140

4.90

4.45

3.89

4.28

3.89

3.40

3.89

3.53

3.08

38 × 184

6.44

5.85

5.11

5.62

5.11

4.41

5.11

4.64

3.89

38 × 235

8.22

7.47

6.38

7.18

6.52

5.39

6.52

5.82

4.75

38 × 286

10.00

9.06

7.40

8.74

7.66

6.25

7.80

6.76

5.52

No. 3

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.31

2.67

2.39

1.95

2.43

2.11

1.72

38 × 140

4.67

4.04

3.30

3.95

3.42

2.79

3.48

3.01

2.46

38 × 184

5.68

4.92

4.02

4.80

4.16

3.40

4.23

3.67

2.99

38 × 235

6.95

6.02

4.91

5.87

5.08

4.15

5.18

4.48

3.66

38 × 286

8.06

6.98

5.70

6.81

5.90

4.82

6.01

5.20

4.25

Construction

38 × 89

3.06

2.78

2.43

2.67

2.43

2.12

2.43

2.20

1.93

Standard

38 × 89

2.78

2.41

1.97

2.35

2.04

1.66

2.07

1.79

1.47

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

38 × 89

2.88

2.61

2.28

2.51

2.28

1.99

2.28

2.07

1.81

Structural

38 × 140

4.53

4.11

3.59

3.95

3.59

3.14

3.59

3.26

2.85

38 × 184

5.95

5.40

4.72

5.20

4.72

4.12

4.72

4.29

3.68

38 × 235

7.60

6.90

6.03

6.64

6.03

5.11

6.03

5.48

4.51

38 × 286

9.25

8.40

7.01

8.08

7.26

5.93

7.34

6.40

5.23

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.81

2.55

2.23

2.46

2.23

1.95

2.23

2.03

1.77

No. 2

38 × 140

4.42

4.02

3.44

3.86

3.51

2.91

3.51

3.14

2.56

38 × 184

5.81

5.13

4.19

5.00

4.33

3.54

4.41

3.82

3.12

38 × 235

7.24

6.27

5.12

6.12

5.30

4.33

5.40

4.67

3.82

38 × 286

8.40

7.27

5.94

7.10

6.15

5.02

6.26

5.42

4.43

No. 3

38 × 89

2.62

2.27

1.85

2.22

1.92

1.57

1.95

1.69

1.38

38 × 140

3.74

3.24

2.65

3.16

2.74

2.24

2.79

2.42

1.97

38 × 184

4.56

3.94

3.22

3.85

3.33

2.72

3.40

2.94

2.40

38 × 235

5.57

4.82

3.94

4.71

4.08

3.33

4.15

3.60

2.94

38 × 286

6.46

5.60

4.57

5.46

4.73

3.86

4.82

4.17

3.41

Construction

38 × 89

2.74

2.49

2.11

2.40

2.18

1.90

2.18

1.93

1.57

Standard

38 × 89

2.22

1.93

1.57

1.88

1.63

1.33

1.66

1.44

1.17

Table A-7
Maximum Spans for Roof Rafters – Specified Roof Snow Loads 2.5 and 3.0 kPa

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Commercial Designation

Grade

Rafter Size, mm

Maximum Span, m

Specified Snow Load, kPa

2.5

3.0

Rafter Spacing, mm

Rafter Spacing, mm

305

406

610

305

406

610

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch

(includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

38 × 89

2.51

2.28

1.99

2.37

2.15

1.88

Structural

38 × 140

3.95

3.59

3.14

3.72

3.38

2.95

38 × 184

5.20

4.72

4.12

4.89

4.44

3.83

38 × 235

6.64

6.03

5.08

6.24

5.67

4.68

38 × 286

8.08

7.23

5.90

7.60

6.65

5.43

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.41

2.19

1.86

2.27

2.06

1.71

No. 2

38 × 140

3.76

3.26

2.66

3.46

3.00

2.45

38 × 184

4.58

3.96

3.24

4.21

3.65

2.98

38 × 235

5.60

4.85

3.96

5.15

4.46

3.64

38 × 286

6.50

5.63

4.59

5.98

5.17

4.23

No. 3

38 × 89

1.79

1.55

1.26

1.64

1.42

1.16

38 × 140

2.55

2.21

1.80

2.35

2.03

1.66

38 × 184

3.10

2.69

2.20

2.86

2.47

2.02

38 × 235

3.80

3.29

2.68

3.49

3.02

2.47

38 × 286

4.41

3.82

3.12

4.05

3.51

2.87

Construction

38 × 89

2.30

2.00

1.63

2.12

1.84

1.50

Standard

38 × 89

1.73

1.50

1.22

1.59

1.38

1.12

2.

Hem – Fir (includes

Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.48

2.25

1.97

2.33

2.12

1.85

Structural

38 × 140

3.90

3.54

3.10

3.67

3.33

2.91

38 × 184

5.13

4.66

4.07

4.82

4.38

3.77

38 × 235

6.55

5.95

5.01

6.16

5.60

4.61

38 × 286

7.97

7.12

5.81

7.50

6.55

5.34

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.41

2.19

1.91

2.27

2.06

1.80

No. 2

38 × 140

3.79

3.42

2.79

3.57

3.14

2.57

38 × 184

4.80

4.16

3.40

4.42

3.83

3.12

38 × 235

5.87

5.08

4.15

5.40

4.68

3.82

38 × 286

6.81

5.90

4.82

6.27

5.43

4.43

No. 3

38 × 89

2.21

1.91

1.56

2.03

1.76

1.43

38 × 140

3.15

2.73

2.23

2.90

2.51

2.05

38 × 184

3.83

3.32

2.71

3.52

3.05

2.49

38 × 235

4.68

4.06

3.31

4.31

3.73

3.05

38 × 286

5.53

4.71

3.84

5.00

4.33

3.54

Commercial

38 × 89

2.33

2.09

1.71

2.20

1.93

1.57

Standard

38 × 89

1.81

1.57

1.28

1.66

1.44

1.18

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

38 × 89

2.37

2.15

1.88

2.23

2.03

1.77

Structural

38 × 140

3.73

3.39

2.96

3.51

3.19

2.79

38 × 184

4.90

4.45

3.89

4.61

4.19

3.66

38 × 235

6.26

5.69

4.97

5.89

5.35

4.68

38 × 286

7.62

6.92

5.90

7.17

6.52

5.43

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.29

2.08

1.82

2.16

1.96

1.71

No. 2

38 × 140

3.61

3.28

2.86

3.40

3.08

2.66

38 × 184

4.74

4.31

3.52

4.46

3.96

3.23

38 × 235

6.06

5.27

4.30

5.59

4.84

3.96

38 × 286

7.06

6.11

4.99

6.49

5.62

4.59

No. 3

38 × 89

2.21

1.91

1.56

2.03

1.76

1.43

38 × 140

3.15

2.73

2.23

2.90

2.51

2.05

38 × 184

3.83

3.32

2.71

3.52

3.05

2.49

38 × 235

4.68

4.06

3.31

4.31

3.73

3.05

38 × 286

5.43

4.71

3.84

5.00

4.33

3.54

Construction

38 × 89

2.25

2.05

1.77

2.12

1.93

1.63

Standard

38 × 89

1.87

1.62

1.33

1.72

1.49

1.22

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

38 × 89

2.12

1.93

1.68

1.99

1.81

1.58

Structural

38 × 140

3.33

3.03

2.65

3.14

2.85

2.49

38 × 184

4.38

3.98

3.33

4.12

3.75

3.07

38 × 235

5.60

4.99

4.08

5.27

4.59

3.75

38 × 286

6.69

5.79

4.73

6.15

5.33

4.35

No. 1 and

38 × 89

2.07

1.88

1.62

1.95

1.77

1.49

No. 2

38 × 140

3.26

2.84

2.32

3.02

2.61

2.13

38 × 184

3.99

3.46

2.82

3.67

3.18

2.60

38 × 235

4.88

4.23

3.45

4.49

3.89

3.17

38 × 286

5.66

4.90

4.00

5.21

4.51

3.68

No. 3

38 × 89

1.77

1.53

1.25

1.63

1.41

1.15

38 × 140

2.52

2.19

1.78

2.32

2.01

1.64

38 × 184

3.07

2.66

2.17

2.82

2.45

2.00

38 × 235

3.76

3.25

2.66

3.45

2.99

2.44

38 × 286

4.36

3.77

3.08

4.01

3.47

2.83

Construction

38 × 89

2.01

1.74

1.42

1.85

1.60

1.31

Standard

38 × 89

1.50

1.30

1.06

1.38

1.19

0.98

Table A-8
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than One Floor(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Supported Length, m(3)(4)

Maximum Span, m(5)(6)

Size of Built-up Beam, mm

3 – 38 × 184

4 – 38 × 184

5 – 38 × 184

3 – 38 × 235

4 – 38 × 235

5 – 38 × 235

3 – 38 × 286

4 – 38 × 286

5 – 38 × 286

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

2.4

3.36

3.70

3.99

4.30

4.73

5.09

5.23

5.66

5.99

Structural

3.0

3.12

3.44

3.70

3.99

4.39

4.73

4.84

5.34

5.66

3.6

2.94

3.23

3.48

3.75

4.13

4.45

4.41

5.03

5.41

4.2

2.79

3.07

3.31

3.52

3.92

4.23

4.09

4.72

5.14

4.8

2.67

2.94

3.17

3.29

3.75

4.04

3.82

4.41

4.92

5.4

2.54

2.83

3.04

3.11

3.59

3.89

3.60

4.16

4.65

6.0

2.41

2.73

2.94

2.95

3.40

3.75

3.42

3.95

4.41

No. 1 and

2.4

2.97

3.42

3.82

3.63

4.19

4.68

4.21

4.86

5.43

No. 2

3.0

2.65

3.06

3.42

3.24

3.75

4.19

3.76

4.35

4.86

3.6

2.42

2.80

3.13

2.96

3.42

3.82

3.44

3.97

4.44

4.2

2.24

2.59

2.89

2.74

3.17

3.54

3.18

3.67

4.11

4.8

2.10

2.42

2.71

2.56

2.96

3.31

2.98

3.44

3.84

5.4

1.98

2.28

2.55

2.42

2.79

3.12

2.81

3.24

3.62

6.0

1.88

2.17

2.42

2.29

2.65

2.96

2.66

3.07

3.44

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

2.4

3.32

3.65

3.93

4.24

4.66

5.03

5.16

5.61

5.93

Structural

3.0

3.08

3.39

3.65

3.93

4.33

4.66

4.76

5.27

5.61

3.6

2.90

3.19

3.44

3.70

4.08

4.39

4.35

4.96

5.34

4.2

2.75

3.03

3.27

3.47

3.87

4.17

4.02

4.65

5.07

4.8

2.63

2.90

3.12

3.24

3.70

3.99

3.66

4.35

4.85

5.4

2.49

2.79

3.00

2.95

3.53

3.83

3.32

4.10

4.58

6.0

2.28

2.69

2.90

2.70

3.35

3.70

3.04

3.87

4.35

No. 1 and

2.4

3.11

3.55

3.82

3.80

4.39

4.88

4.41

5.10

5.70

No. 2

3.0

2.78

3.21

3.55

3.40

3.93

4.39

3.95

4.56

5.10

3.6

2.54

2.93

3.28

3.11

3.59

4.01

3.60

4.16

4.65

4.2

2.35

2.72

3.04

2.88

3.32

3.71

3.34

3.85

4.31

4.8

2.20

2.54

2.84

2.69

3.11

3.47

3.12

3.60

4.03

5.4

2.07

2.39

2.68

2.54

2.93

3.27

2.94

3.40

3.80

6.0

1.97

2.27

2.54

2.41

2.78

3.11

2.79

3.22

3.60

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

2.4

3.17

3.49

3.76

4.05

4.46

4.81

4.93

5.42

5.73

Structural

3.0

2.95

3.24

3.49

3.76

4.14

4.46

4.58

5.04

5.42

3.6

2.77

3.05

3.29

3.54

3.90

4.20

4.31

4.74

5.11

4.2

2.63

2.90

3.12

3.36

3.70

3.99

4.09

4.51

4.85

4.8

2.52

2.77

2.99

3.22

3.54

3.81

3.82

4.31

4.64

5.4

2.42

2.67

2.87

3.09

3.41

3.67

3.60

4.14

4.46

6.0

2.34

2.57

2.77

2.95

3.29

3.54

3.32

3.95

4.31

No. 1 and

2.4

3.07

3.38

3.64

3.92

4.32

4.65

4.57

5.25

5.59

No. 2

3.0

2.85

3.14

3.38

3.52

4.01

4.32

4.09

4.72

5.25

3.6

2.63

2.95

3.18

3.22

3.71

4.06

3.73

4.31

4.82

4.2

2.44

2.80

3.02

2.98

3.44

3.84

3.46

3.99

4.46

4.8

2.28

2.63

2.89

2.79

3.22

3.60

3.23

3.73

4.17

5.4

2.15

2.48

2.77

2.63

3.03

3.39

3.05

3.52

3.93

6.0

2.04

2.35

2.63

2.49

2.88

3.22

2.89

3.34

3.73

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

2.4

2.84

3.12

3.36

3.62

3.99

4.30

4.33

4.85

5.23

Structural

3.0

2.63

2.90

3.12

3.34

3.70

3.99

3.88

4.47

4.85

3.6

2.48

2.73

2.94

3.05

3.48

3.75

3.54

4.08

4.57

4.2

2.31

2.59

2.79

2.82

3.26

3.57

3.28

3.78

4.23

4.8

2.16

2.48

2.67

2.64

3.05

3.41

3.06

3.54

3.96

5.4

2.04

2.35

2.57

2.49

2.87

3.21

2.89

3.34

3.73

6.0

1.93

2.23

2.48

2.36

2.73

3.05

2.74

3.16

3.54

No. 1 and

2.4

2.59

2.99

3.29

3.16

3.65

4.08

3.67

4.24

4.74

No. 2

3.0

2.31

2.67

2.99

2.83

3.27

3.65

3.28

3.79

4.24

3.6

2.11

2.44

2.73

2.58

2.98

3.33

3.00

3.46

3.87

4.2

1.95

2.26

2.52

2.39

2.76

3.09

2.77

3.20

3.58

4.8

1.83

2.11

2.36

2.24

2.58

2.89

2.59

3.00

3.35

5.4

1.72

1.99

2.23

2.11

2.43

2.72

2.45

2.82

3.16

6.0

1.64

1.89

2.11

2.00

2.31

2.58

2.32

2.68

3.00

Notes to Table A-8:

(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.

(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.

(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.

(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.

(6) 3-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 4.2 m require minimum bearing length of 114 mm. All other beams require minimum bearing length of 76 mm.

Table A-9
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than Two Floors(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Supported Length, m(3)(4)

Maximum Span, m(5)(6)

Size of Built-up Beam, mm

3 – 38 × 184

4 – 38 × 184

5 – 38 × 184

3 – 38 × 235

4 – 38 × 235

5 – 38 × 235

3 – 38 × 286

4 – 38 × 286

5 – 38 × 286

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

2.4

2.80

3.08

3.32

3.49

3.93

4.24

4.05

4.67

5.16

Structural

3.0

2.55

2.86

3.08

3.12

3.60

3.93

3.62

4.18

4.67

3.6

2.33

2.69

2.90

2.85

3.29

3.68

3.30

3.82

4.27

4.2

2.16

2.49

2.75

2.64

3.04

3.40

2.99

3.53

3.95

4.8

2.00

2.33

2.60

2.38

2.85

3.18

2.69

3.30

3.69

5.4

1.82

2.20

2.45

2.17

2.68

3.00

2.45

3.08

3.48

6.0

1.67

2.08

2.33

2.00

2.51

2.85

2.26

2.83

3.30

No. 1 and

2.4

2.22

2.56

2.87

2.72

3.14

3.51

3.15

3.64

4.07

No. 2

3.0

1.99

2.29

2.56

2.43

2.80

3.14

2.82

3.25

3.64

3.6

1.81

2.09

2.34

2.22

2.56

2.86

2.57

2.97

3.32

4.2

1.68

1.94

2.17

2.05

2.37

2.65

2.38

2.75

3.07

4.8

1.57

1.81

2.03

1.92

2.22

2.48

2.23

2.57

2.88

5.4

1.48

1.71

1.91

1.81

2.09

2.34

2.10

2.43

2.71

6.0

1.40

1.62

1.81

1.72

1.98

2.22

1.99

2.30

2.57

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

2.4

2.76

3.04

3.27

3.43

3.88

4.18

3.99

4.60

5.09

Structural

3.0

2.51

2.82

3.04

2.97

3.55

3.88

3.34

4.12

4.60

3.6

2.15

2.65

2.86

2.56

3.24

3.62

2.88

3.65

4.20

4.2

1.90

2.40

2.72

2.26

2.85

3.35

2.55

3.21

3.87

4.8

1.70

2.15

2.56

2.03

2.56

3.08

2.30

2.88

3.46

5.4

1.56

1.95

2.35

1.86

2.32

2.79

2.11

2.62

3.14

6.0

1.44

1.79

2.15

1.72

2.14

2.56

1.96

2.42

2.88

No. 1 and

2.4

2.33

2.69

3.01

2.85

3.29

3.68

3.30

3.82

4.27

No. 2

3.0

2.08

2.41

2.69

2.55

2.94

3.29

2.96

3.41

3.82

3.6

1.90

2.20

2.45

2.33

2.68

3.00

2.70

3.12

3.48

4.2

1.76

2.03

2.27

2.15

2.49

2.78

2.50

2.88

3.22

4.8

1.65

1.90

2.13

2.01

2.33

2.60

2.30

2.70

3.02

5.4

1.55

1.79

2.00

1.86

2.19

2.45

2.11

2.54

2.84

6.0

1.44

1.70

1.90

1.72

2.08

2.33

1.96

2.41

2.70

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

2.4

2.64

2.91

3.13

3.37

3.71

4.00

4.05

4.52

4.87

Structural

3.0

2.45

2.70

2.91

3.12

3.45

3.71

3.62

4.18

4.52

3.6

2.31

2.54

2.73

2.79

3.24

3.49

3.14

3.82

4.25

4.2

2.07

2.41

2.60

2.46

3.04

3.32

2.77

3.50

3.95

4.8

1.85

2.31

2.48

2.21

2.79

3.17

2.50

3.14

3.69

5.4

1.69

2.13

2.39

2.02

2.53

3.00

2.28

2.85

3.42

6.0

1.56

1.95

2.31

1.86

2.32

2.79

2.11

2.62

3.14

No. 1 and

2.4

2.41

2.79

3.03

2.95

3.41

3.81

3.42

3.95

4.42

No. 2

3.0

2.16

2.49

2.79

2.64

3.05

3.41

3.06

3.53

3.95

3.6

1.97

2.27

2.54

2.41

2.78

3.11

2.79

3.23

3.61

4.2

1.82

2.11

2.35

2.23

2.57

2.88

2.59

2.99

3.34

4.8

1.71

1.97

2.20

2.09

2.41

2.69

2.42

2.79

3.12

5.4

1.61

1.86

2.08

1.97

2.27

2.54

2.28

2.63

2.95

6.0

1.53

1.76

1.97

1.86

2.15

2.41

2.11

2.50

2.79

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

2.4

2.29

2.60

2.80

2.80

3.23

3.57

3.24

3.75

4.19

Structural

3.0

2.04

2.36

2.60

2.50

2.89

3.23

2.90

3.35

3.75

3.6

1.87

2.16

2.41

2.28

2.64

2.95

2.65

3.06

3.42

4.2

1.73

2.00

2.23

2.11

2.44

2.73

2.45

2.83

3.17

4.8

1.62

1.87

2.09

1.98

2.28

2.55

2.29

2.65

2.96

5.4

1.52

1.76

1.97

1.86

2.15

2.41

2.11

2.50

2.79

6.0

1.44

1.67

1.87

1.72

2.04

2.28

1.96

2.37

2.65

No. 1 and

2.4

1.94

2.24

2.50

2.37

2.73

3.06

2.75

3.17

3.55

No. 2

3.0

1.73

2.00

2.24

2.12

2.44

2.73

2.46

2.84

3.17

3.6

1.58

1.83

2.04

1.93

2.23

2.50

2.24

2.59

2.90

4.2

1.46

1.69

1.89

1.79

2.07

2.31

2.08

2.40

2.68

4.8

1.37

1.58

1.77

1.67

1.93

2.16

1.94

2.24

2.51

5.4

1.29

1.49

1.67

1.58

1.82

2.04

1.83

2.11

2.36

6.0

1.22

1.41

1.58

1.50

1.73

1.93

1.74

2.01

2.24

Notes to Table A-9:

(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.

(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.

(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.

(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.

(6) 3-ply beams require minimum bearing length of 114 mm. 4-ply and 5-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 3 m require minimum bearing length of 114 mm. All other beams require minimum bearing length of 76 mm.

Table A-10
Maximum Spans for Built-up Floor Beams Supporting not more than Three Floors(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Col. 11

Col. 12

Commercial Designation

Grade

Supported Length, m(3)(4)

Maximum Span, m(5)(6)

Size of Built-up Beam, mm

3 – 38 × 184

4 – 38 × 184

5 – 38 × 184

3 – 38 × 235

4 – 38 × 235

5 – 38 × 235

3 – 38 × 286

4 – 38 × 286

5 – 38 × 286

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

Select

2.4

2.38

2.74

2.95

2.91

3.36

3.75

3.37

3.89

4.35

Structural

3.0

2.13

2.46

2.74

2.60

3.00

3.36

2.92

3.48

3.89

3.6

1.88

2.24

2.51

2.24

2.74

3.06

2.53

3.18

3.56

4.2

1.66

2.08

2.32

1.99

2.49

2.84

2.25

2.81

3.29

4.8

1.50

1.88

2.17

1.80

2.24

2.65

2.04

2.53

3.02

5.4

1.38

1.71

2.05

1.65

2.04

2.44

1.88

2.31

2.75

6.0

1.28

1.58

1.88

1.53

1.89

2.24

1.75

2.14

2.53

No. 1 and

2.4

1.85

2.14

2.39

2.26

2.61

2.92

2.63

3.03

3.39

No. 2

3.0

1.66

1.91

2.14

2.02

2.34

2.61

2.35

2.71

3.03

3.6

1.51

1.74

1.95

1.85

2.13

2.39

2.14

2.48

2.77

4.2

1.40

1.62

1.81

1.71

1.98

2.21

1.99

2.29

2.56

4.8

1.31

1.51

1.69

1.60

1.85

2.07

1.86

2.14

2.40

5.4

1.23

1.42

1.59

1.51

1.74

1.95

1.75

2.02

2.26

6.0

1.17

1.35

1.51

1.43

1.65

1.85

1.66

1.92

2.14

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

Select

2.4

2.22

2.70

2.91

2.64

3.31

3.70

2.98

3.78

4.29

Structural

3.0

1.85

2.35

2.70

2.21

2.79

3.31

2.50

3.14

3.78

3.6

1.61

2.02

2.43

1.92

2.40

2.89

2.18

2.71

3.24

4.2

1.43

1.78

2.14

1.71

2.13

2.54

1.95

2.40

2.86

4.8

1.30

1.61

1.92

1.56

1.92

2.28

1.77

2.18

2.58

5.4

1.19

1.47

1.74

1.44

1.76

2.08

1.64

2.00

2.35

6.0

1.11

1.36

1.61

1.34

1.63

1.92

1.53

1.85

2.18

No. 1 and

2.4

1.94

2.24

2.51

2.37

2.74

3.06

2.75

3.18

3.56

No. 2

3.0

1.74

2.00

2.24

2.12

2.45

2.74

2.46

2.84

3.18

3.6

1.58

1.83

2.05

1.92

2.24

2.50

2.18

2.60

2.90

4.2

1.43

1.69

1.89

1.71

2.07

2.32

1.95

2.40

2.69

4.8

1.30

1.58

1.77

1.56

1.92

2.17

1.77

2.18

2.51

5.4

1.19

1.47

1.67

1.44

1.76

2.04

1.64

2.00

2.35

6.0

1.11

1.36

1.58

1.34

1.63

1.92

1.53

1.85

2.18

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

Select

2.4

2.35

2.58

2.78

2.89

3.30

3.55

3.24

3.89

4.33

Structural

3.0

2.02

2.40

2.58

2.40

3.00

3.30

2.71

3.42

3.89

3.6

1.74

2.20

2.43

2.08

2.62

3.06

2.35

2.95

3.54

4.2

1.55

1.94

2.31

1.85

2.31

2.77

2.10

2.61

3.12

4.8

1.40

1.74

2.09

1.68

2.08

2.48

1.91

2.35

2.80

5.4

1.28

1.59

1.90

1.54

1.90

2.26

1.76

2.16

2.55

6.0

1.19

1.47

1.74

1.44

1.76

2.08

1.64

2.00

2.35

No. 1 and

2.4

2.01

2.32

2.60

2.46

2.84

3.17

2.85

3.29

3.68

No. 2

3.0

1.80

2.08

2.32

2.20

2.54

2.84

2.55

2.95

3.29

3.6

1.64

1.90

2.12

2.01

2.32

2.59

2.33

2.69

3.01

4.2

1.52

1.75

2.96

1.85

2.15

2.40

2.10

2.49

2.78

4.8

1.40

1.64

1.84

1.68

2.01

2.24

1.91

2.33

2.60

5.4

1.28

1.55

1.73

1.54

1.89

2.12

1.76

2.16

2.46

6.0

1.19

1.47

1.64

1.44

1.76

2.01

1.64

2.00

2.33

4.

Northern Species (includes any Canadian species covered by the NLGA Standard Grading Rules)

Select

2.4

1.91

2.20

2.46

2.33

2.69

3.01

2.70

3.12

3.49

Structural

3.0

1.70

1.97

2.20

2.08

2.41

2.69

2.42

2.79

3.12

3.6

1.56

1.80

2.01

1.90

2.20

2.46

2.18

2.55

2.85

4.2

1.43

1.66

1.86

1.71

2.03

2.27

1.95

2.36

2.64

4.8

1.30

1.56

1.74

1.56

1.90

2.13

1.77

2.18

2.47

5.4

1.19

1.47

1.64

1.44

1.76

2.01

1.64

2.00

2.33

6.0

1.11

1.36

1.56

1.34

1.63

1.90

1.53

1.85

2.18

No. 1 and

2.4

1.61

1.86

2.08

1.97

2.28

2.55

2.29

2.64

2.96

No. 2

3.0

1.44

1.67

1.86

1.76

2.04

2.28

2.05

2.36

2.64

3.6

1.32

1.52

1.70

1.61

1.86

2.08

1.87

2.16

2.41

4.2

1.22

1.41

1.57

1.49

1.72

1.93

1.73

2.00

2.23

4.8

1.14

1.32

1.47

1.40

1.61

1.80

1.62

1.87

2.09

5.4

1.08

1.24

1.39

1.32

1.52

1.70

1.53

1.76

1.97

6.0

1.02

1.18

1.32

1.25

1.44

1.61

1.45

1.67

1.87

Notes to Table A-10:

(1) Beam spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floors does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) When the floors have a concrete topping of not more than 51 mm, the spans must be multiplied by 0.8.

(3) Supported length means half the sum of the joists spans on both sides of the beam.

(4) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.

(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.

(6) 3-ply beams with supported lengths greater than 4.2 m require minimum bearing length of 152 mm. All other beams require minimum bearing length of 114 mm.

Table A-11
Maximum Spans for Glue-Laminated Floor Beams – 20f-E Grade(1)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.2.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Col. 4

Col. 5

Col. 6

Col. 7

Col. 8

Col. 9

Col. 10

Number of Storeys Supported

Beam Width, mm

Supported Length, m(2)(3)

Maximum Span, m(4)(5)(6)(7)

Beam Depth, mm

228

266

304

342

380

418

456

1.

1

80

2.4

4.32

5.04

5.76

6.48

7.20

7.92

8.64

3.0

3.87

4.51

5.15

5.80

6.44

7.09

7.73

3.6

3.53

4.12

4.70

5.29

5.88

6.47

7.06

4.2

3.27

3.81

4.36

4.90

5.44

5.99

6.53

4.8

3.06

3.57

4.07

4.58

5.09

5.60

6.11

5.4

2.88

3.36

3.84

4.32

4.80

5.28

5.76

6.0

2.73

3.19

3.64

4.10

4.56

5.01

5.47

130

2.4

5.51

6.43

7.35

8.26

9.18

10.10

11.02

3.0

4.93

5.75

6.57

7.39

8.21

9.03

9.86

3.6

4.50

5.25

6.00

6.75

7.50

8.25

9.00

4.2

4.16

4.86

5.55

6.25

6.94

7.64

8.33

4.8

3.90

4.54

5.19

5.84

6.49

7.14

7.79

5.4

3.67

4.28

4.90

5.51

6.12

6.73

7.35

6.0

3.48

4.07

4.65

5.23

5.81

6.39

6.97

2.

2

80

2.4

3.28

3.83

4.37

4.92

5.47

6.01

6.56

3.0

2.93

3.42

3.91

4.40

4.89

5.38

5.87

3.6

2.68

3.12

3.57

4.02

4.46

4.91

5.36

4.2

2.48

2.89

3.31

3.72

4.13

4.54

4.96

4.8

2.32

2.71

3.09

3.48

3.86

4.25

4.64

5.4

2.19

2.55

2.91

3.28

3.64

4.01

4.37

6.0

2.07

2.42

2.77

3.11

3.46

3.80

4.15

130

2.4

4.18

4.88

5.57

6.27

6.97

7.66

8.36

3.0

3.74

4.36

4.99

5.61

6.23

6.85

7.48

3.6

3.41

3.98

4.55

5.12

5.69

6.26

6.83

4.2

3.16

3.69

4.21

4.74

5.27

5.79

6.32

4.8

2.96

3.45

3.94

4.43

4.93

5.42

5.91

5.4

2.79

3.25

3.72

4.18

4.64

5.11

5.57

6.0

2.64

3.08

3.53

3.97

4.41

4.85

5.29

3.

3

80

2.4

2.75

3.21

3.66

4.12

4.58

5.04

5.50

3.0

2.46

2.87

3.28

3.69

4.10

4.51

4.92

3.6

2.24

2.62

2.99

3.37

3.74

4.11

4.49

4.2

2.08

2.42

2.77

3.12

3.46

3.81

4.15

4.8

1.94

2.27

2.59

2.91

3.24

3.56

3.89

5.4

1.83

2.14

2.44

2.75

3.05

3.36

3.66

6.0

1.74

2.03

2.32

2.61

2.90

3.19

3.48

130

2.4

3.50

4.09

4.67

5.25

5.84

6.42

7.01

3.0

3.13

3.66

4.18

4.70

5.22

5.74

6.27

3.6

2.86

3.34

3.81

4.29

4.77

5.24

5.72

4.2

2.65

3.09

3.53

3.97

4.41

4.85

5.30

4.8

2.48

2.89

3.30

3.72

4.13

4.54

4.95

5.4

2.34

2.72

3.11

3.50

3.89

4.28

4.67

6.0

2.22

2.58

2.95

3.32

3.69

4.06

4.43

Notes to Table A-11:

(1) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load on the floor does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

(2) Supported length means half the sum of the joist spans on both sides of the beam.

(3) Straight interpolation may be used for other supported lengths.

(4) Spans are valid for glued-laminated timber conforming to CAN/CSA-O122 and CSA O177.

(5) Spans are clear spans between supports. For total span, add two bearing lengths.

(6) Provide a minimum bearing length of 89 mm. (Alternatively, the bearing length may be designed in accordance with Part 4.)

(7) Top edge of beam assumed to be fully laterally supported by joists.

Table A-12
Maximum Spans for Built-up Ridge Beams and Lintels Supporting the Roof and Ceiling Only – No. 1 or No. 2 Grade

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.4.2.(4), 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3), 9.23.13.8.(2) and 9.37.3.1.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Commercial Designation

Beam or Lintel Size, mm

Maximum Span, m(1)(2)(3)

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1.

Douglas Fir – Larch (includes Douglas Fir and Western Larch)

3 – 38 × 184

2.65

2.28

2.03

1.85

1.71

4 – 38 × 184

3.06

2.64

2.35

2.14

1.97

5 – 38 × 184

3.43

2.95

2.62

2.39

2.21

3 – 38 × 235

3.25

2.79

2.49

2.26

2.09

4 – 38 × 235

3.75

3.22

2.87

2.61

2.41

5 – 38 × 235

4.19

3.60

3.21

2.92

2.70

3 – 38 × 286

3.77

3.24

2.88

2.62

2.43

4 – 38 × 286

4.35

3.74

3.33

3.03

2.80

5 – 38 × 286

4.86

4.18

3.72

3.39

3.13

2.

Hem – Fir (includes Western Hemlock and Amabilis Fir)

3 – 38 × 184

2.78

2.39

2.13

1.94

1.79

4 – 38 × 184

3.21

2.76

2.46

2.24

2.07

5 – 38 × 184

3.59

3.09

2.75

2.50

2.31

3 – 38 × 235

3.40

2.93

2.61

2.37

2.19

4 – 38 × 235

3.93

3.38

3.01

2.74

2.53

5 – 38 × 235

4.39

3.78

3.36

3.06

2.83

3 – 38 × 286

3.95

3.40

3.02

2.75

2.54

4 – 38 × 286

4.56

3.92

3.49

3.18

2.94

5 – 38 × 286

5.10

4.38

3.90

3.55

3.28

3.

Spruce – Pine – Fir (includes Spruce (all species except Coast Sitka Spruce), Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Balsam Fir and Alpine Fir)

3 – 38 × 184

2.88

2.48

2.21

2.01

1.86

4 – 38 × 184

3.30

2.86

2.55

2.32

2.14

5 – 38 × 184

3.55

3.10

2.82

2.59

2.40

3 – 38 × 235

3.53

3.03

2.70

2.46

2.27

4 – 38 × 235

4.07

3.50

3.12

2.84

2.62

5 – 38 × 235

4.54

3.91

3.49

3.17

2.93

3 – 38 × 286

4.09

3.52

3.13

2.85

2.63

4 – 38 × 286

4.72

4.06

3.62

3.29

3.04

5 – 38 × 286

5.28

4.54

4.04

3.68

3.40

Notes to Table A-12:

(1) Beam and lintel spans are calculated based on a maximum supported length of 4.9 m. Spans may be increased by 5% for supported lengths of not more than 4.3 m, by 10% for supported lengths of not more than 3.7 m, and by 25% for supported lengths of not more than 2.4 m.

(2) For ridge beams, supported length means half the sum of the rafter, joist or truss spans on both sides of the beam. For lintels, supported length means half the sum of truss, roof joist or rafter spans supported by the lintel plus the length of the overhang beyond the lintel.

(3) Provide a minimum bearing length of 76 mm.

Table A-13
Maximum Spans for Douglas Fir – Larch Lintels – No. 1 or No. 2 Grade – Non-Structural Sheathing(1)

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3) and 9.37.3.1.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Lintel Supporting

Lintel Size, mm(2)

Maximum Span, m(3)(4)

Exterior Walls

Interior Walls

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1.

Limited attic storage and ceiling

2 – 38 × 89

This Area Intentionally Left Blank

1.25

2 – 38 × 140

1.78

2 – 38 × 184

2.17

2 – 38 × 235

2.65

2 – 38 × 286

3.08

2.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 0.6 m maximum)(5)

2 – 38 × 89

2.68

2.34

2.13

1.97

1.86

1.97

2 – 38 × 140

4.21

3.68

3.34

3.10

2.92

3.10

2 – 38 × 184

5.50

4.84

4.39

4.08

3.84

4.08

2 – 38 × 235

6.61

5.97

5.56

5.21

4.88

5.21

2 – 38 × 286

7.66

6.92

6.44

6.09

5.66

6.09

3.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 4.9 m maximum)(6)

2 – 38 × 89

1.25

1.07

0.96

0.87

0.80

0.87

2 – 38 × 140

1.78

1.53

1.36

1.24

1.15

1.24

2 – 38 × 184

2.17

1.86

1.66

1.51

1.40

1.51

2 – 38 × 235

2.65

2.28

2.03

1.85

1.71

1.85

2 – 38 × 286

3.08

2.64

2.35

2.14

1.98

2.14

4.

Roof, ceiling and 1 storey(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.96

0.88

0.82

0.77

0.73

0.68

2 – 38 × 140

1.37

1.26

1.17

1.10

1.04

0.97

2 – 38 × 184

1.67

1.53

1.42

1.34

1.26

1.18

2 – 38 × 235

2.04

1.88

1.74

1.63

1.54

1.44

2 – 38 × 286

2.37

2.18

2.02

1.90

1.79

1.67

5.

Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.86

0.81

0.77

0.73

0.70

0.61

2 – 38 × 140

1.23

1.16

1.09

1.04

0.99

0.87

2 – 38 × 184

1.50

1.41

1.33

1.27

1.21

1.06

2 – 38 × 235

1.84

1.72

1.63

1.55

1.48

1.30

2 – 38 × 286

2.13

2.00

1.89

1.80

1.72

1.51

6.

Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.81

0.77

0.73

0.71

0.68

0.57

2 – 38 × 140

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.01

0.97

0.82

2 – 38 × 184

1.40

1.33

1.28

1.22

1.18

1.00

2 – 38 × 235

1.71

1.63

1.56

1.50

1.44

1.22

2 – 38 × 286

1.99

1.89

1.81

1.74

1.67

1.41

Notes to Table A-13:

(1) Where structural sheathing is used, lintel spans may be increased by 15%. Structural sheathing consists of a minimum 9.5 mm thick structural panel conforming to CSA O121, CSA O151, CSA O325 or CSA O437.0 fastened with at least two rows of fasteners to the exterior face of the lintel, and a single row to the top plates and studs. Fasteners shall conform to Table 9.23.3.5.

(2) A single piece of 89 mm thick lumber may be used in lieu of 2 pieces of 38 mm thick lumber on edge.

(3) If floor joists span the full width of the buildingwithout support, lintel spans shall be reduced by 15% for "Roof, ceiling and 1 storey", by 20% for "Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys", and by 25% for "Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys".

(4) For ends of lintels fully supported by walls, provide minimum bearing length of 38 mm for lintel spans up to 3 m, or minimum bearing length of 76 mm for lintel spans greater than 3 m.

(5) Spans for 0.6 m tributary width are calculated for lintels in end walls that support only a 0.6 m width of roof and ceiling, but do not support roof joists, roof rafters or roof trusses.

(6) Lintel spans are calculated based on a maximum floor joist, roof joist or rafter span of 4.9 m and a maximum roof truss span of 9.8 m. Lintel spans may be increased by 5% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 4.3 m and roof truss spans are not more than 8.6 m. Spans may be increased by 10% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 3.7 m and roof trusses are not more than 7.4 m.

(7) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

Table A-14
Maximum Spans for Hem – Fir Lintels – No. 1 or No. 2 Grade – Non-Structural Sheathing(1)

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3) and 9.37.3.1.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Lintel Supporting

Lintel Size, mm(2)

Maximum Span, m(3)(4)

Exterior Walls

Interior Walls

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1.

Limited attic storage and ceiling

2 – 38 × 89

This Area Intentionally Left Blank

1.31

2 – 38 × 140

1.87

2 – 38 × 184

2.27

2 – 38 × 235

2.78

2 – 38 × 286

3.23

2.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 0.6 m maximum)(5)

2 – 38 × 89

2.68

2.34

2.13

1.97

1.86

1.97

2 – 38 × 140

4.21

3.68

3.34

3.10

2.92

3.10

2 – 38 × 184

5.50

4.84

4.39

4.08

3.84

4.08

2 – 38 × 235

6.61

5.97

5.56

5.21

4.90

5.21

2 – 38 × 286

7.66

6.92

6.44

6.09

5.82

6.09

3.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 4.9 m maximum)(6)

2 – 38 × 89

1.31

1.13

1.00

0.91

0.84

0.91

2 – 38 × 140

1.87

1.61

1.43

1.30

1.20

1.30

2 – 38 × 184

2.27

1.95

1.74

1.58

1.42

1.58

2 – 38 × 235

2.78

2.39

2.13

1.92

1.71

1.92

2 – 38 × 286

3.23

2.77

2.47

2.17

1.94

2.17

4.

Roof, ceiling and 1 storey(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

1.01

0.93

0.86

0.81

0.76

0.69

2 – 38 × 140

1.44

1.32

1.23

1.14

1.05

0.95

2 – 38 × 184

1.75

1.61

1.47

1.34

1.23

1.12

2 – 38 × 235

2.14

1.96

1.76

1.60

1.48

1.35

2 – 38 × 286

2.49

2.22

2.00

1.82

1.69

1.55

5.

Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.91

0.85

0.80

0.76

0.72

0.60

2 – 38 × 140

1.29

1.21

1.13

1.05

0.98

0.82

2 – 38 × 184

1.57

1.44

1.33

1.24

1.16

0.98

2 – 38 × 235

1.90

1.73

1.60

1.49

1.40

1.19

2 – 38 × 286

2.15

1.97

1.82

1.70

1.60

1.37

6.

Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.85

0.81

0.77

0.74

0.69

0.55

2 – 38 × 140

1.21

1.14

1.06

1.00

0.95

0.76

2 – 38 × 184

1.43

1.33

1.25

1.18

1.12

0.91

2 – 38 × 235

1.72

1.60

1.50

1.42

1.35

1.10

2 – 38 × 286

1.95

1.82

1.72

1.63

1.55

1.27

Notes to Table A-14:

(1) Where structural sheathing is used, lintel spans may be increased by 15%. Structural sheathing consists of a minimum 9.5 mm thick structural panel conforming to CSA O121, CSA O151, CSA O325 or CSA O437.0 fastened with at least two rows of fasteners to the exterior face of the lintel, and a single row to the top plates and studs. Fasteners shall conform to Table 9.23.3.5.

(2) A single piece of 89 mm thick lumber may be used in lieu of 2 pieces of 38 mm thick lumber on edge.

(3) If floor joists span the full width of the building without support, lintel spans shall be reduced by 15% for "Roof, ceiling and 1 storey", by 20% for "Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys", and by 25% for "Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys".

(4) For ends of lintels fully supported by walls, provide minimum bearing length of 38 mm for lintel spans up to 3 m, or minimum bearing length of 76 mm for lintel spans greater than 3 m.

(5) Spans for 0.6 m tributary width are calculated for lintels in end walls that support only a 0.6 m width of roof and ceiling, but do not support roof joists, roof rafters or roof trusses.

(6) Lintel spans are calculated based on a maximum floor joist, roof joist or rafter span of 4.9 m and a maximum roof truss span of 9.8 m. Lintel spans may be increased by 5% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 4.3 m and roof truss spans are not more than 8.6 m. Spans may be increased by 10% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 3.7 m and roof trusses are not more than 7.4 m.

(7) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

Table A-15
Maximum Spans for Spruce – Pine – Fir Lintels – No. 1 or No. 2 Grade – Non-Structural Sheathing(1)

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3) and 9.37.3.1.(1)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Lintel Supporting

Lintel Size, mm(2)

Maximum Span, m(3)(4)

Exterior Walls

Interior Walls

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1.

Limited attic storage and ceiling

2 – 38 × 89

This Area Intentionally Left Blank

1.27

2 – 38 × 140

1.93

2 – 38 × 184

2.35

2 – 38 × 235

2.88

2 – 38 × 286

3.34

2.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 0.6 m maximum)(5)

2 – 38 × 89

2.55

2.23

2.02

1.88

1.77

1.88

2 – 38 × 140

4.01

3.50

3.18

2.96

2.78

2.96

2 – 38 × 184

5.27

4.61

4.18

3.88

3.66

3.88

2 – 38 × 235

6.37

5.76

5.34

4.96

4.67

4.96

2 – 38 × 286

7.38

6.67

6.21

5.87

5.61

5.87

3.

Roof and ceiling only (tributary width of 4.9 m maximum)(6)

2 – 38 × 89

1.27

1.11

1.01

0.93

0.87

0.93

2 – 38 × 140

1.93

1.66

1.48

1.35

1.25

1.35

2 – 38 × 184

2.35

2.02

1.80

1.64

1.52

1.64

2 – 38 × 235

2.88

2.47

2.20

2.01

1.84

2.01

2 – 38 × 286

3.34

2.87

2.56

2.33

2.09

2.33

4.

Roof, ceiling and 1 storey(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

1.05

0.96

0.89

0.84

0.79

0.74

2 – 38 × 140

1.49

1.37

1.27

1.19

1.13

1.02

2 – 38 × 184

1.82

1.67

1.55

1.44

1.33

1.20

2 – 38 × 235

2.22

2.04

1.89

1.73

1.59

1.45

2 – 38 × 286

2.58

2.36

2.15

1.96

1.81

1.66

5.

Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.94

0.88

0.83

0.79

0.76

0.64

2 – 38 × 140

1.34

1.26

1.19

1.13

1.06

0.88

2 – 38 × 184

1.63

1.53

1.44

1.33

1.25

1.05

2 – 38 × 235

1.99

1.87

1.72

1.60

1.50

1.27

2 – 38 × 286

2.31

2.12

1.96

1.82

1.71

1.45

6.

Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys(3)(6)(7)

2 – 38 × 89

0.88

0.83

0.80

0.77

0.74

0.59

2 – 38 × 140

1.25

1.19

1.14

1.08

1.02

0.81

2 – 38 × 184

1.52

1.44

1.35

1.27

1.21

0.97

2 – 38 × 235

1.86

1.73

1.62

1.53

1.45

1.17

2 – 38 × 286

2.11

1.96

1.84

1.74

1.66

1.35

Notes to Table A-15:

(1) Where structural sheathing is used, lintel spans may be increased by 15%. Structural sheathing consists of a minimum 9.5 mm thick structural panel conforming to CSA O121, CSA O151, CSA O325 or CSA O437.0 fastened with at least two rows of fasteners to the exterior face of the lintel, and a single row to the top plates and studs. Fasteners shall conform to Table 9.23.3.5.

(2) A single piece of 89 mm thick lumber may be used in lieu of 2 pieces of 38 mm thick lumber on edge.

(3) If floor joists span the full width of the buildingwithout support, lintel spans shall be reduced by 15% for "Roof, ceiling and 1 storey", by 20% for "Roof, ceiling and 2 storeys", and by 25% for "Roof, ceiling and 3 storeys".

(4) For ends of lintels fully supported by walls, provide minimum bearing length of 38 mm for lintel spans up to 3 m, or minimum bearing length of 76 mm for lintel spans greater than 3 m.

(5) Spans for 0.6 m tributary width are calculated for lintels in end walls that support only a 0.6 m width of roof and ceiling, but do not support roof joists, roof rafters or roof trusses.

(6) Lintel spans are calculated based on a maximum floor joist, roof joist or rafter span of 4.9 m and a maximum roof truss span of 9.8 m. Lintel spans may be increased by 5% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 4.3 m and roof truss spans are not more than 8.6 m. Spans may be increased by 10% if rafter and joist spans are not more than 3.7 m and roof trusses are not more than 7.4 m.

(7) Spans apply only where the floors serve residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3., or the uniformly distributed live load does not exceed that specified for residential areas as described in Table 4.1.5.3.

Table A-16
Maximum Spans for Glued-Laminated Timber Lintels – 20f-E Stress Grade – Exterior Walls – Roof and Ceiling Load Only

Forming Part of Sentences 9.23.12.3.(1) and (3) and 9.37.3.1.(1)

Item

Col. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

Lintel Size, mm

Maximum Span, m(1)(2)(3)

Specified Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Supported Length, m(4)(5)

Supported Length, m(4)(5)

Supported Length, m(4)(5)

Supported Length, m(4)(5)

Supported Length, m(4)(5)

2.4

3.6

4.8

2.4

3.6

4.8

2.4

3.6

4.8

2.4

3.6

4.8

2.4

3.6

4.8

1.

130 × 304

6.23

5.63

5.24

5.63

5.09

4.73

5.24

4.73

4.40

4.95

4.48

4.17

4.73

4.28

3.87

2.

80 × 380

6.52

5.89

5.48

5.89

5.32

4.96

5.48

4.96

4.52

5.19

4.69

4.11

4.96

4.39

3.80

3.

130 × 342

6.80

6.15

5.72

6.15

5.56

5.17

5.72

5.17

4.81

5.41

4.89

4.55

5.17

4.67

4.35

4.

80 × 418

7.00

6.33

5.89

6.33

5.72

5.32

5.89

5.32

4.96

5.57

5.03

4.52

5.32

4.81

4.18

5.

130 × 380

7.36

6.65

6.19

6.65

6.01

5.59

6.19

5.59

5.21

5.86

5.29

4.92

5.59

5.06

4.70

6.

80 × 456

7.48

6.76

6.29

6.76

6.10

5.68

6.29

5.68

5.29

5.95

5.37

4.93

5.68

5.13

4.56

7.

130 × 418

7.91

7.15

6.65

7.15

6.46

6.01

6.65

6.01

5.59

6.29

5.68

5.29

6.01

5.43

5.05

8.

80 × 494

7.94

7.17

6.68

7.17

6.48

6.03

6.68

6.03

5.61

6.31

5.71

5.31

6.03

5.45

4.94

9.

80 × 532

8.39

7.58

7.06

7.58

6.85

6.38

7.06

6.38

5.93

6.67

6.03

5.61

6.38

5.76

5.32

10.

130 × 456

8.44

7.63

7.10

7.63

6.89

6.41

7.10

6.41

5.97

6.71

6.07

5.65

6.41

5.80

5.39

Notes to Table A-16:

(1) Spans are valid for glued-laminated timber conforming to CAN/CSA-O122 and CSA O177.

(2) Provide a minimum bearing length of 89 mm. (Alternatively, the bearing length may be calculated in accordance with Part 4.)

(3) Top edge of lintel assumed to be fully laterally supported.

(4) Supported Length means half the length of trusses or rafters, plus the length of overhang beyond the wall.

(5) For intermediate supported lengths, straight interpolation may be used.

Table A-17
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls(1)(2)(3) (1-10M Bottom Bar)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.17.4.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Minimum Lintel Thickness, mm

Minimum Lintel Depth, mm

Maximum Clear Span, m

Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only

Supporting ICF Second Storey and Light-Frame Roof

Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2

1.50

3.33

1.50

3.33

1.

140

200

1.41

1.18

1.03

0.93

300

1.78

1.50

1.30

1.18

400

2.08

1.75

1.53

1.38

500

2.33

1.97

1.72

1.56

600

2.55

2.16

1.89

1.71

2.

150

200

1.41

1.18

1.02

0.92

300

1.78

1.50

1.29

1.17

400

2.08

1.75

1.51

1.37

500

2.33

1.97

1.70

1.54

600

2.54

2.15

1.87

1.70

3.

160

200

1.41

1.18

1.01

0.91

300

1.78

1.50

1.28

1.16

400

2.07

1.75

1.50

1.36

500

2.32

1.96

1.68

1.53

600

2.53

2.15

1.85

1.68

4.

190

200

1.41

1.19

0.98

0.89

300

1.78

1.50

1.24

1.13

400

2.06

1.74

1.45

1.32

500

2.30

1.95

1.63

1.49

600

2.51

2.13

1.78

1.63

5.

200

200

1.41

1.19

0.97

0.89

300

1.77

1.49

1.23

1.12

400

2.06

1.74

1.43

1.31

500

2.30

1.95

1.61

1.48

600

2.50

2.13

1.77

1.62

6.

240

200

1.41

1.19

0.94

0.86

300

1.76

1.49

1.18

1.09

400

2.04

1.73

1.38

1.27

500

2.27

1.93

1.55

1.43

600

2.47

2.11

1.70

1.56

Notes to Table A-17:

(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where "L" is the clear span of the lintel.

(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.

(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where "d" is the distance from the top of the lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.

Table A-18
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls(1)(2)(3) (1-15M Bottom Bar)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.17.4.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Minimum Lintel Thickness, mm

Minimum Lintel Depth, mm

Maximum Clear Span, m

Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only

Supporting ICF Second Storey and Light-Frame Roof

Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2

1.50

3.33

1.50

3.33

1.

140

200

1.63

1.46

1.31

1.23

300

2.43

2.08

1.81

1.64

400

2.90

2.44

2.13

1.93

500

3.26

2.75

2.41

2.18

600

3.58

3.03

2.65

2.40

2.

150

200

1.67

1.49

1.33

1.25

300

2.48

2.08

1.79

1.62

400

2.90

2.44

2.11

1.91

500

3.26

2.75

2.38

2.16

600

3.57

3.02

2.62

2.38

3.

160

200

1.70

1.53

1.35

1.26

300

2.48

2.08

1.78

1.61

400

2.90

2.44

2.09

1.90

500

3.25

2.75

2.36

2.14

600

3.56

3.02

2.59

2.36

4.

190

200

1.80

1.61

1.36

1.24

300

2.48

2.09

1.73

1.58

400

2.89

2.44

2.03

1.85

500

3.23

2.74

2.29

2.09

600

3.53

3.00

2.51

2.30

5.

200

200

1.83

1.64

1.35

1.23

300

2.48

2.09

1.71

1.57

400

2.88

2.44

2.01

1.84

500

3.22

2.74

2.26

2.07

600

3.52

2.99

2.48

2.28

6.

240

200

1.93

1.65

1.30

1.20

300

2.47

2.08

1.66

1.52

400

2.86

2.43

2.94

1.78

500

3.19

2.72

2.18

2.01

600

3.47

2.97

2.39

2.20

Notes to Table A-18:

(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where "L" is the clear span of the lintel.

(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.

(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where "d" is the distance from the top of the lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.

Table A-19
Maximum Allowable Clear Spans for Lintels in Flat Loadbearing Insulating Concrete Form (ICF) Walls(1)(2)(3) (2-15M Bottom Bar)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.20.17.4.(3)

Item

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Minimum Lintel Thickness, mm

Minimum Lintel Depth, mm

Maximum Clear Span, m

Supporting Light-Frame Roof Only

Supporting ICF Second Storey and Light-Frame Roof

Maximum Ground Snow Load, kN/m2

1.50

3.33

1.50

3.33

1.

140

200

1.63

1.46

1.31

1.23

300

2.43

2.18

1.96

1.84

400

3.22

2.90

2.60

2.42

500

4.00

3.60

3.25

2.70

600

4.71

4.20

3.61

2.97

2.

150

200

1.67

1.49

1.33

1.25

300

2.48

2.23

1.99

1.87

400

3.29

2.96

2.64

2.45

500

4.80

3.68

3.29

2.74

600

4.87

4.20

3.64

3.02

3.

160

200

1.70

1.53

1.35

1.27

300

2.53

2.28

2.02

1.90

400

3.36

3.02

2.68

2.48

500

4.16

3.76

3.27

2.78

600

4.95

4.20

3.61

3.08

4.

190

200

1.80

1.61

1.39

1.32

300

2.67

2.40

2.09

1.97

400

3.53

3.19

2.77

2.56

500

4.38

3.81

3.18

2.90

600

4.92

4.19

3.50

3.21

5.

200

200

1.83

1.64

1.41

1.33

300

2.87

2.44

2.11

2.00

400

3.78

3.24

2.79

2.55

500

4.46

3.81

3.15

2.89

600

4.86

4.18

3.47

3.18

6.

240

200

2.07

1.74

1.46

1.38

300

3.07

2.59

2.18

2.07

400

3.95

3.38

2.70

2.48

500

4.40

3.80

3.04

2.80

600

4.78

4.16

3.34

3.08

Notes to Table A-19:

(1) Deflection criteria is L/240, where "L" is the clear span of the lintel.

(2) Linear interpolation is permitted between ground snow loads and between lintel depths.

(3) 10M stirrups are required at a maximum d/2 spacing for spans greater than 1 200 mm, where "d" is the distance from the top of the lintel to the level of the bottom reinforcing bar in the lintel.

Table A-20
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls with Brick Veneer – 1.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

1.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

2.96

2.79

2.86

2.71

2.78

2.65

2.71

2.59

W 150 × 30

3.32

3.14

3.22

3.05

3.13

2.98

3.04

2.91

W 150 × 37

3.62

3.41

3.50

3.32

3.40

3.24

3.32

3.17

W 200 × 27

3.80

3.59

3.68

3.49

3.58

3.41

3.49

3.33

W 200 × 31

4.06

3.83

3.93

3.73

3.82

3.64

3.72

3.56

W 200 × 36

4.17

3.94

4.04

3.83

3.93

3.74

3.82

3.65

W 200 × 42

4.42

4.18

4.29

4.06

4.16

3.96

4.05

3.87

W 250 × 33

4.71

4.44

4.56

4.32

4.43

4.22

4.31

4.12

W 250 × 39

5.04

4.76

4.88

4.63

4.75

4.52

4.62

4.41

W 250 × 49

5.32

5.02

5.15

4.89

5.01

4.77

4.87

4.66

W 310 × 39

5.66

5.34

5.49

5.20

5.33

5.07

5.19

4.96

W 310 × 45

5.96

5.62

5.77

5.47

5.61

5.34

5.46

5.22

W 310 × 52

6.33

5.98

6.13

5.82

5.96

5.67

5.8

5.54

W 310 × 60

6.50

6.14

6.30

5.98

6.12

5.83

5.96

5.69

W 360 × 33

5.61

5.29

5.43

5.15

5.28

5.03

5.14

4.91

W 360 × 39

6.01

5.68

5.83

5.53

5.66

5.39

5.51

5.27

W 360 × 45

6.38

6.03

6.19

5.87

6.01

5.72

5.85

5.59

W 360 × 51

6.70

6.32

6.49

6.16

6.31

6.00

6.14

5.87

W 360 × 57

7.00

6.61

6.78

6.43

6.59

6.28

6.42

6.13

Notes to Table A-20:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-21
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls with Siding – 1.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

1.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

4.20

3.82

3.98

3.67

3.81

3.51

3.66

3.35

W 150 × 30

4.72

4.30

4.48

4.13

4.28

3.98

4.11

3.85

W 150 × 37

5.14

4.68

4.88

4.49

4.66

4.33

4.48

4.19

W 200 × 27

5.41

4.92

5.13

4.72

4.90

4.56

4.71

4.41

W 200 × 31

5.77

5.25

5.48

5.04

5.23

4.86

5.02

4.71

W 200 × 36

5.93

5.40

5.63

5.18

5.38

5.00

5.16

4.84

W 200 × 42

6.29

5.72

5.97

5.50

5.70

5.30

5.47

5.13

W 250 × 33

6.69

6.09

6.35

5.85

6.06

5.64

5.82

5.45

W 250 × 39

7.17

6.52

6.80

6.26

6.49

6.04

6.24

5.85

W 250 × 49

7.56

6.88

7.17

6.61

6.85

6.37

6.58

6.17

W 310 × 39

8.05

7.32

7.63

7.03

7.29

6.78

7.01

6.56

W 310 × 45

8.47

7.71

8.03

7.40

7.68

7.14

7.37

6.91

Notes to Table A-21:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-22
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls with Brick Veneer – 1.5 kPa Specified Roof Design Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

1.5

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

2.86

2.71

2.74

2.62

2.64

2.53

2.55

2.46

W 150 × 30

3.22

3.05

3.08

2.94

2.97

2.85

2.87

2.76

W 150 × 37

3.50

3.32

3.36

3.20

3.23

3.10

3.13

3.01

W 200 × 27

3.68

3.49

3.53

3.37

3.40

3.26

3.29

3.16

W 200 × 31

3.93

3.73

3.77

3.60

3.63

3.48

3.51

3.38

W 200 × 36

4.04

3.83

3.88

3.70

3.73

3.58

3.61

3.47

W 200 × 42

4.29

4.06

4.11

3.92

3.96

3.79

3.82

3.68

W 250 × 33

4.56

4.32

4.37

4.17

4.21

4.03

4.07

3.91

W 250 × 39

4.88

4.63

4.68

4.47

4.51

4.32

4.36

4.19

W 250 × 49

5.15

4.89

4.94

4.71

4.76

4.56

4.60

4.42

W 310 × 39

5.49

5.20

5.26

5.01

5.06

4.85

4.89

4.71

W 310 × 45

5.77

5.47

5.53

5.28

5.33

5.11

5.15

4.95

W 310 × 52

6.13

5.82

5.88

5.61

5.66

5.43

5.47

5.26

W 310 × 60

6.30

5.98

6.04

5.76

5.81

5.57

5.62

5.41

W 360 × 33

5.43

5.15

5.21

4.97

5.01

4.81

4.85

4.66

W 360 × 39

5.83

5.53

5.58

5.33

5.38

5.15

5.20

5.00

W 360 × 45

6.19

5.87

5.93

5.65

5.71

5.47

5.52

5.31

W 360 × 51

6.49

6.16

6.22

5.93

5.99

5.74

5.79

5.57

W 360 × 57

6.78

6.43

6.50

6.20

6.26

6.00

6.05

5.82

Notes to Table A-22:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-23
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls with Siding – 1.5 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

1.5

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

3.98

3.67

3.73

3.48

3.53

3.30

3.36

3.12

W 150 × 30

4.48

4.13

4.19

3.91

3.97

3.74

3.78

3.59

W 150 × 37

4.88

4.49

4.56

4.26

4.32

4.07

4.12

3.91

W 200 × 27

5.13

4.72

4.80

4.48

4.54

4.28

4.33

4.11

W 200 × 31

5.48

5.04

5.12

4.78

4.85

4.57

4.62

4.39

W 200 × 36

5.63

5.18

5.27

4.92

4.98

4.70

4.75

4.51

W 200 × 42

5.97

5.50

5.58

5.21

5.28

4.98

5.04

4.78

W 250 × 33

6.35

5.85

5.94

5.54

5.62

5.30

5.36

5.09

W 250 × 39

6.80

6.26

6.36

5.94

6.02

5.67

5.74

5.45

W 250 × 49

7.17

6.61

6.71

6.27

6.35

5.99

6.06

5.75

W 310 × 39

7.63

7.03

7.14

6.67

6.76

6.37

6.45

6.12

W 310 × 45

8.03

7.40

7.52

7.02

7.11

6.71

6.78

6.44

Notes to Table A-23:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-24
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls with Brick Veneer – 2.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

2.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

2.78

2.65

2.64

2.53

2.53

2.43

2.43

2.35

W 150 × 30

3.13

2.98

2.97

2.85

2.84

2.74

2.73

2.64

W 150 × 37

3.40

3.24

3.23

3.10

3.09

2.98

2.97

2.88

W 200 × 27

3.58

3.41

3.40

3.26

3.25

3.13

3.13

3.02

W 200 × 31

3.82

3.64

3.63

3.48

3.47

3.34

3.34

3.23

W 200 × 36

3.93

3.74

3.73

3.58

3.57

3.44

3.43

3.32

W 200 × 42

4.16

3.96

3.96

3.79

3.78

3.64

3.64

3.52

W 250 × 33

4.43

4.22

4.21

4.03

4.02

3.88

3.87

3.74

W 250 × 39

4.75

4.52

4.51

4.32

4.31

4.15

4.15

4.01

W 250 × 49

5.01

4.77

4.76

4.56

4.55

4.38

4.37

4.23

W 310 × 39

5.33

5.07

5.06

4.85

4.84

4.66

4.65

4.50

W 310 × 45

5.61

5.34

5.33

5.11

5.10

4.91

4.90

4.74

W 310 × 52

5.96

5.67

5.66

5.43

5.41

5.21

5.21

5.03

W 310 × 60

6.12

5.83

5.81

5.57

5.56

5.36

5.35

5.17

W 360 × 33

5.28

5.03

5.01

4.81

4.80

4.62

4.61

4.46

W 360 × 39

5.66

5.39

5.38

5.15

5.14

4.95

4.94

4.78

W 360 × 45

6.01

5.72

5.71

5.47

5.46

5.26

5.25

5.08

W 360 × 51

6.31

6.00

5.99

5.74

5.73

5.52

5.51

5.33

W 360 × 57

6.59

6.28

6.26

6.00

5.99

5.77

5.76

5.57

Notes to Table A-24:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-25
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls with Siding – 2.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

2.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

3.81

3.54

3.53

3.33

3.32

3.13

3.15

2.94

W 150 × 30

4.28

3.98

3.97

3.74

3.73

3.55

3.54

3.39

W 150 × 37

4.66

4.33

4.32

4.70

4.06

3.86

3.85

3.69

W 200 × 27

4.90

4.56

4.54

4.28

4.27

4.06

4.05

3.88

W 200 × 31

5.23

4.86

4.85

4.57

4.56

4.34

4.32

4.14

W 200 × 36

5.38

5.00

4.98

4.70

4.68

4.46

4.45

4.26

W 200 × 42

5.70

5.30

5.28

4.98

4.96

4.72

4.71

4.51

W 250 × 33

6.06

5.64

5.62

5.30

5.28

5.03

5.01

4.80

W 250 × 39

6.49

6.04

6.02

5.67

5.66

5.38

5.37

5.14

W 250 × 49

6.85

6.37

6.35

5.99

5.97

5.68

5.67

5.43

W 310 × 39

7.29

6.78

6.76

6.37

6.35

6.04

6.03

5.77

W 310 × 45

7.68

7.14

7.11

6.71

6.69

6.36

6.35

6.08

Notes to Table A-25:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-26
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls with Brick Veneer – 2.5 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

2.5

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

2.71

2.59

2.55

2.46

2.43

2.35

2.33

2.26

W 150 × 30

3.04

2.91

2.87

2.76

2.73

2.64

2.62

2.54

W 150 × 37

3.32

3.17

3.13

3.01

2.97

2.88

2.85

2.77

W 200 × 27

3.49

3.33

3.29

3.16

3.13

3.02

2.99

2.91

W 200 × 31

3.72

3.56

3.51

3.38

3.34

3.23

3.20

3.10

W 200 × 36

3.82

3.65

3.61

3.47

3.43

3.32

3.29

3.19

W 200 × 42

4.05

3.87

3.82

3.68

3.64

3.52

3.48

3.38

W 250 × 33

4.31

4.12

4.07

3.91

3.87

3.74

3.71

3.60

W 250 × 39

4.62

4.41

4.36

4.19

4.15

4.01

3.97

3.85

W 250 × 49

4.87

4.66

4.60

4.42

4.37

4.23

4.19

4.07

W 310 × 39

5.19

4.96

4.89

4.71

4.65

4.50

4.46

4.33

W 310 × 45

5.46

5.22

5.15

4.95

4.90

4.74

4.69

4.55

W 310 × 52

5.80

5.54

5.47

5.26

5.21

5.03

4.98

4.84

W 310 × 60

5.96

5.69

5.62

5.41

5.35

5.17

5.12

4.97

W 360 × 33

5.14

4.91

4.85

4.66

4.61

4.46

4.42

4.29

W 360 × 39

5.51

5.27

5.20

5.00

4.94

4.78

4.73

4.60

W 360 × 45

5.85

5.59

5.52

5.31

5.25

5.08

5.03

4.88

W 360 × 51

6.14

5.87

5.79

5.57

5.51

5.33

5.27

5.12

W 360 × 57

6.42

6.13

6.05

5.82

5.76

5.57

5.51

5.35

Notes to Table A-26:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-27
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls with Siding – 2.5 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

2.5

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

3.66

3.43

3.36

3.19

3.15

2.98

2.98

2.79

W 150 × 30

4.11

3.85

3.78

3.59

3.54

3.39

3.35

3.23

W 150 × 37

4.48

4.19

4.12

3.91

3.85

3.69

3.64

3.51

W 200 × 27

4.71

4.41

4.33

4.11

4.05

3.88

3.83

3.69

W 200 × 31

5.02

4.71

4.62

4.39

4.32

4.14

4.09

3.94

W 200 × 36

5.16

4.84

4.75

4.51

4.45

4.26

4.21

4.05

W 200 × 42

5.47

5.13

5.04

4.78

4.71

4.51

4.46

4.30

W 250 × 33

5.82

5.46

5.36

5.09

5.01

4.80

4.74

4.54

W 250 × 39

6.24

5.85

5.74

5.45

5.37

5.14

5.08

4.90

W 250 × 49

6.58

6.17

6.06

5.75

5.67

5.43

5.36

5.17

W 310 × 39

7.01

6.56

6.45

6.12

6.03

5.78

5.70

5.47

W 310 × 45

7.37

6.91

6.78

6.44

6.35

6.08

6.00

5.79

Notes to Table A-27:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-28
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Exterior Stud Walls with Brick Veneer – 3.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

3.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

2.64

2.53

2.48

2.39

2.35

2.28

2.24

2.18

W 150 × 30

2.97

2.85

2.78

2.69

2.64

2.56

2.52

2.45

W 150 × 37

3.23

3.10

3.03

2.93

2.87

2.79

2.74

2.67

W 200 × 27

3.40

3.26

3.19

3.08

3.02

2.93

2.88

2.81

W 200 × 31

3.63

3.48

3.40

3.28

3.22

3.13

3.08

3.00

W 200 × 36

3.73

3.58

3.50

3.38

3.31

3.21

3.16

3.08

W 200 × 42

3.96

3.79

3.71

3.58

3.51

3.41

3.35

3.26

W 250 × 33

4.21

4.03

3.94

3.81

3.74

3.62

3.57

3.47

W 250 × 39

4.51

4.32

4.23

4.08

4.00

3.88

3.82

3.72

W 250 × 49

4.76

4.56

4.46

4.30

4.22

4.10

4.03

3.93

W 310 × 39

5.06

4.85

4.74

4.58

4.49

4.36

4.29

4.18

W 310 × 45

5.33

5.11

4.99

4.82

4.73

4.59

4.51

4.40

W 310 × 52

5.66

5.43

5.31

5.12

5.03

4.88

4.80

4.67

W 310 × 60

5.81

5.57

5.45

5.26

5.16

5.01

4.93

4.80

W 360 × 33

5.01

4.81

4.70

4.54

4.45

4.32

4.25

4.14

W 360 × 39

5.38

5.15

5.04

4.86

4.77

4.63

4.56

4.44

W 360 × 45

5.71

5.47

5.35

5.16

5.07

4.92

4.84

4.71

W 360 × 51

5.99

5.74

5.61

5.42

5.32

5.16

5.08

4.94

W 360 × 57

6.26

6.00

5.87

5.66

5.56

5.39

5.31

5.17

Notes to Table A-28:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-29
Maximum Spans for Steel Beams Supporting a Roof and One Floor in Dwelling Units Where Beams Support Interior Stud Walls or Exterior Stud Walls with Siding – 3.0 kPa Specified Roof Snow Load

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.4.3.(1)

Column 1

Column 2

Column 3

Column 4

Column 5

Column 6

Column 7

Column 8

Column 9

Maximum Span, m

Roof Live Load, kPa

3.0

Supported Roof Length, m(1)

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

Supported Floor Length, m(2)

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

2.4

3.6

Steel Beam Section

W 150 × 22

3.53

3.33

3.23

3.08

3.01

2.85

2.83

2.66

W 150 × 30

3.97

3.74

3.63

3.47

3.38

3.26

3.19

3.09

W 150 × 37

4.32

4.07

3.95

3.77

3.68

3.55

3.48

3.37

W 200 × 27

4.54

4.28

4.15

3.97

3.87

3.73

3.65

3.52

W 200 × 31

4.85

4.57

4.43

4.23

4.13

3.98

3.90

3.78

W 200 × 36

4.98

4.70

4.56

4.35

4.25

4.09

4.01

3.88

W 200 × 42

5.28

4.98

4.83

4.61

4.50

4.34

4.25

4.12

W 250 × 33

5.62

5.30

5.14

4.91

4.79

4.61

4.52

4.33

W 250 × 39

6.02

5.67

5.51

5.26

5.13

4.94

4.84

4.69

W 250 × 49

6.35

5.99

5.81

5.55

5.42

5.21

5.11

4.95

W 310 × 39

6.76

6.37

6.18

5.90

5.76

5.55

5.44

5.21

W 310 × 45

7.11

6.71

6.51

6.21

6.07

5.84

5.72

5.54

Notes to Table A-29:

(1) Supported roof length means half the sum of the roof framing spans on both sides of the beam.

(2) Supported floor length means half the sum of the floor framing spans on both sides of the beam.

Table A-30
Sizes for Spruce-Pine-Fir No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs with Brick Veneer(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)

Item

Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Stud Size and Spacing

Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.60

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

Stud Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

1.

1.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.6

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.0

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.3

C

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.6

C

C

D

D

D

D

2.

1.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.6

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.0

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.3

C

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.6

C

C

D

D

D

D

3.

2.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.6

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.0

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.3

C

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.6

C

C

D

D

D

D

4.

2.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.6

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.0

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.3

C

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.6

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.

3.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.6

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.0

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.3

C

C

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.6

C

C

D

D

D

D

Legend - Stud Size and Spacing

A = 38 × 140 mm at 406 mm on centre

B = 38 × 140 mm at 305 mm on centre

C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 406 mm on centre

D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 305 mm on centre

Notes to Table A-30:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.

(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).

Table A-31
Sizes for Spruce-Pine-Fir No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs with Siding(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)

Item

Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Stud Size and Spacing

Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.60

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

Stud Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

1.

1.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

5.0

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.3

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

5.6

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

2.

1.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

5.0

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.3

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

5.6

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

3.

2.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

5.0

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.3

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

5.6

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

4.

2.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

5.0

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.3

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

5.6

A

B

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.

3.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

5.0

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.3

A

B

A

B

B

B

B

B

5.6

A

B

B

B

B

B

C

C

Legend - Stud Size and Spacing

A = 38 × 140 mm at 406 mm on centre

B = 38 × 140 mm at 305 mm on centre

C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 406 mm on centre

D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 305 mm on centre

Notes to Table A-31:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.

(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).

Table A-32
Sizes for Northern Species No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs with Brick Veneer(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)

Item

Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Stud Size and Spacing

Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.60

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

Stud Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

1.

1.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.2

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

4.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.0

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.3

D

D

D

D

5.6

2.

1.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.2

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

4.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.0

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.3

D

D

D

D

5.6

3.

2.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.2

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

4.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.0

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.3

D

D

D

D

5.6

4.

2.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.2

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

4.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.0

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.3

D

D

D

D

5.6

5.

3.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

B

B

B

B

4.2

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

4.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.0

C

C

D

D

D

D

5.3

D

D

D

D

5.6

Legend - Stud Size and Spacing

A = 38 × 140 mm at 406 mm on centre

B = 38 × 140 mm at 305 mm on centre

C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 406 mm on centre

D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 305 mm on centre

Notes to Table A-32:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.

(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).

Table A-33
Sizes for Northern Species No. 2 Grade Exterior Wall Studs with Siding(1)(2)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2)

Item

Column 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Stud Size and Spacing

Hourly Wind Pressure (1/50), kPa

0.40

0.45

0.50

0.60

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

Stud Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

Supported Roof Length, m

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

3.0

6.0

1.

1.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.0

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.3

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

2.

1.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.0

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.3

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

3.

2.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.0

A

A

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.3

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

4.

2.5

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

A

A

A

A

A

B

B

5.0

A

B

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.3

B

B

B

B

C

C

C

C

5.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

5.

3.0

3.8

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.2

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

4.6

A

B

A

B

A

B

B

B

5.0

A

B

B

B

B

B

C

C

5.3

B

C

B

C

C

C

C

C

5.6

C

C

C

C

C

C

D

D

Legend - Stud Size and Spacing

A = 38 × 140 mm at 406 mm on centre

B = 38 × 140 mm at 305 mm on centre

C = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 406 mm on centre

D = two 38 × 140 mm studs at 305 mm on centre

Notes to Table A-33:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.5 kPa has been assumed. The Table does not apply where the stud supports additional loads from heavy roofing materials such as concrete tiles or clay roofing tiles.

(2) Wall construction shall conform to the requirements of Sentence 9.23.10.1.(2).

Table A-34
Minimum Number of 38 × 89 mm Spruce-Pine-Fir Stud Posts in Exterior Stud Walls Supporting Girder Trusses and Roof Beams(1)(2)(3)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.7.(2)

Col. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Minimum Number of Studs

Stud Height, m

Span of Beam or Girder, m

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

2.4

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

3

3.6

1

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

4.8

2

2

3

3

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

5

6.0

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

3

5

7.2

2

3

4

4

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

8.4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

9.6

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

5

10.8

3

4

5

4

5

4

5

12.0

3

4

4

5

3.0

2.4

1

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3.6

2

2

3

3

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

4.8

2

3

4

4

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

6.0

2

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

5

7.2

3

4

5

4

5

4

5

8.4

3

4

4

5

9.6

4

5

5

10.8

4

5

12.0

4

Notes to Table A-34:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.62 kPa has been assumed.

(2) Roof beams require a minimum bearing length of 89 mm.

(3) Girder trusses require a minimum bearing length of 89 mm unless otherwise specified by the truss manufacturer.

Table A-35
Minimum Number of 38 × 140 mm Spruce-Pine-Fir Stud Posts in Exterior Stud Walls Supporting Girder Trusses and Roof Beams(1)(2)(3)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.7.(2)

Col. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Minimum Number of Studs

Stud Height, m

Span of Beam or Girder, m

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

3.0

2.4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

3.6

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

4.8

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

6.0

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

7.2

1

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

8.4

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

9.6

2

2

3

3

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

5

10.8

2

2

3

3

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

12.0

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

3.6

2.4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

3.6

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

3

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

4.8

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

6.0

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

7.2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

8.4

2

2

3

3

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

9.6

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

10.8

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

12.0

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

4

Notes to Table A-35:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.62 kPa has been assumed.

(2) Roof beams require a minimum bearing length of 140 mm.

(3) Girder trusses require a minimum bearing length of 140 mm unless otherwise specified by the truss manufacturer.

Table A-36
Minimum Number of 38 × 89 mm Northern Species Stud Posts in Exterior Stud Walls Supporting Girder Trusses and Roof Beams(1)(2)(3)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.7.(2)

Col. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Minimum Number of Studs

Stud Height, m

Span of Beam or Girder, m

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

2.4

1

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3.6

2

2

3

3

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

4.8

2

3

4

4

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

6.0

2

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

5

7.2

3

4

5

4

5

4

5

8.4

3

4

4

5

9.6

4

5

5

10.8

4

5

12.0

4

3.0

2.4

2

2

3

3

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

3.6

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

4

4.8

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

6.0

3

5

4

5

7.2

4

5

5

8.4

4

9.6

5

10.8

5

12.0

Notes to Table A-36:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.62 kPa has been assumed.

(2) Roof beams require a minimum bearing length of 89 mm.

(3) Girder trusses require a minimum bearing length of 89 mm unless otherwise specified by the truss manufacturer.

Table A-37
Minimum Number of 38 × 140 mm Northern Species Stud Posts in Exterior Stud Walls Supporting Girder Trusses and Roof Beams(1)(2)(3)

Forming Part of Sentence 9.23.10.7.(2)

Col. 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

Minimum Number of Studs

Stud Height, m

Span of Beam or Girder, m

Specified Roof Snow Load, kPa

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

Supported Length, m

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

2.4

3.6

4.8

6.0

3.0

2.4

1

1

1

1

1

1

2

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

3.6

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

2

3

3

4

4.8

1

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

6.0

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

7.2

2

2

3

3

2

3

4

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

8.4

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

9.6

2

3

4

4

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

10.8

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

12.0

2

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

5

3.6

2.4

1

1

1

2

1

1

2

2

1

2

2

3

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

3

3.6

1

2

2

2

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

4.8

1

2

2

3

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

6.0

2

2

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

7.2

2

3

3

4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

8.4

2

3

4

5

3

4

5

3

5

4

4

9.6

2

3

4

5

3

4

4

5

4

5

10.8

3

4

5

3

5

4

5

12.0

3

4

5

4

5

5

5

Notes to Table A-37:

(1) A roof dead load of 0.62 kPa has been assumed.

(2) Roof beams require a minimum bearing length of 140 mm.

(3) Girder trusses require a minimum bearing length of 140 mm unless otherwise specified by the truss manufacturer.

O. Reg. 332/12, Division B, Part 9; O. Reg. 151/13, ss. 28-30; O. Reg. 361/13, ss. 49-96; O. Reg 368/13, ss. 33, 34 (1); O. Reg. 191/14, ss. 92-127.

Part 10
Change of Use

Section

10.1.

General

10.1.1.

Scope

Section

10.2.

Classification of Existing Buildings

10.2.1.

Classification

Section

10.3.

Requirements

10.3.1.

General

10.3.2.

Performance Level

Section

10.4.

Compliance Alternatives

10.4.1.

Compliance Alternatives

Section 10.1. General

10.1.1. Scope